Rural Environment Governance

Ecological environment governance is an great problem that nearly all countries faces in the process of industrialization and modernization.Chinese ecological environment problem has long history.Faced with the grim situation of tight constraint of resources,serious pollution and degraded ecosystem the 19th CPC National Congress grand vision of building "Beautiful China".At present the key and difficult points of ecological civilization construction lie in the countryside.This paper firstly analyzes the source,characteristics and limitation of the management-control model of rural community environment,and then describes the actual operating mechanism from the willingness,ability and effect of villagers'participation.Finally this paper puts forward the participatory governance of rural community environment in order to provide theoretical guidance for modernization of rural environment governance system and capacity.In agricultural society home community shapes the self-governance model of rural community environment governance,which maintains the balance of ecology effectively.After the industrial society the the spread of nation power into rural society shapes the management-control model of rural community environment governance,which has such characteristics as the hard task based on index evaluation,the hard way based on the behavior restriction and hard supply based on the government choice.The prohibition of straw burning and the construction of beautiful countryside are the outward institution of the management model and they neither make good performance.In the view of dialectic,the positive effects of the management model lie in repaying the debts of rural environment governance,improving traditional bureaucratic system and making up the capacity of rural self-governance.The negative effects of the management-control model lie in solving the endogenous environment problems difficultly,carrying the defects of sport governance,separating from the actual condition and villagers'willingness,ignoring the cultivation of villagers' environmental ethics.The management-control model reflects the tool rationality of the clan community and can't solve the complicated and uncertain rural environment problems.It's necessary to transform the rural community environment governance from management-control model to cooperation modelThis puts forward the analytical framework of the participatory governance of the rural community environment,which builds three platform of community,organization and consultation to make villagers participate environment governance willingly,and effectively.The internal dynamics motivation of participating rural community environment governance needs construct cooperative community to respect farmers'main body,innovate public management to strengthen cooperative power,improve public service to enhance participation ability and cultivate public culture to form environment ethics Faced with the administrative power,market power and tragedy of the commons,the villager as individual can't solve the problems of the community environment.In recent years the governments encourage develop various public organization.The rural society begins to set up new organizations in the way of from up to down and from down to up.These organizations can provide important guarantee for the villagers to maintain the legal rights of environment,develop the highly effective agriculture and keep the public environment order.Because of constructing the bridge between the governance bodies the consultative democracy help shape the governance network including the local governments,village cadres,marketing operators and villagers.The consultative governance of rural environment can change governments from working for villagers into working with villagers to form the interaction between them,the decision making from closed-style into open-style to enhance the rationality and acceptance of the policies and the resource allocation from monopolizing into sharing to get the precision and fairness.Finally this paper constructs the theoretical view of the participatory governance of the rural community environment and answers the core question of "what's the participatory governance of the rural community environment?".Briefly speaking,the participatory governance of the rural community environment means that villagers with public sense practice environmental protection concept,participate the community environment affairs,share the community environment governance power,bear the community environment governance responsibility,maintain the community environment order in order to form the effective interaction between the villagers self-governance and governments management and improve the rural community environment commonly.The rural public man and ecotype governments are the basic conditions of the participatory governance of the rural community environment.The participation,empowerment,consultation and network are its basic characteristics The collective common sense,soft governance and social choice are its operation mechanism.