Research On Spatial Incarcerated Effect And Released Strategy Of People With Disabilities

Although there has made great achivements of China’s barrie-free facilities construction in nearly 40 years,the problem of “people with disabilities(PwDs)to go out difficultly” is still widespread.In the rapid urbanization period,their needs for space have not met,however,with characteristic of both physical and social vulnerability,especially for those who are able to move but difficult to move.To realize the space-sharing between the disabled and nondisabled,and provide space supply that matches their spatial needs,this paper draws into the concept of spatial incarcerated of PwDs to describle and explain the social phenomenon,“people with disabilities(PwDs)to go out difficultly”.It re-examines the medical model and social model of disability research from the perspective of urban planning,with paying attention to the space equity and justice of the vulnerable groups such as PwDs in the human-centered new era,providing ideas and reference for the coordinated development of promoting the highquality development of urban stock space and incremental spatial equity and efficiency in small and medium-sized cities.The meaning of spatial incarcerated phenomenon of PwDs(SIPPwDs)is inconsistent of subjective and objective potential spatial contacts,caused by the combined effects of external environment barriers and their body health condition.Acutually it is insufficient of objective potential spatial contacts.So this paper based on their spatial needs,and constructs the theoretical framework of SIPPwDs,spatial incarcerated effect of PwDs(SIEPwDs),and spatial released strategy of PwDs(SRSPwDs)from the perspective of “group-individual”.This paper adopts a method of combing small and big data to deduct the theoretical frame,with a case study of Nanjing.The main contents are as follows.Firstly,in the view of SIPPwDs undering “group-individual”,this paper provides the Three-level Characteristics.It is macro-spatial structure incarcerated,meso-spatial type incarcerated,micro-spatial behavior incarcerated,respectively.Combining with the empirical analysis,this paper forwards the following opinions.In the macro-spatial level,the urban fringe is the structural agglomeration area of PwDs population.The development pressure within the city acts on the joint effect of the spontaneous urbanization of the suburbs and the suburbs themselves.It is obvious that the trend of the agglomeration of PwDs is to the urban fringe.In the meso-spatial level,due to the combined effect of government and market,their living space is divided into low-income neighborhoods.In those neighborhoods,their needs mismatch the supply,including the dislocation and none of supply content.In the micro-spatial level,there are some time and spatial behavior features in their daily life.Considering of time,there are short,limited alternative travel time,and their travel stay time is not long.Considering of space,there are short travel distance,small travel range,and non-rich travel destination.The main types of their daily activities are that there are few types of necessary activities and low frequency of spontaneous activities.Secondly,with analyzing PwDs travel behavior in the meso and micro spatial level,this paper reveals duality law of PwDs spatial cognition and four factors restricting their spatial behavior.PwDs perception of space is a binary division based on the boundaries of "home and its surroundings",which is their home range.In the meso level,most of PwDs are not satisfied with the living space,and although living in different space,they all show strong preference of home range space and weak dependence on breakthrough.In the micro level,the choice of PwDs for their daily travel destination does not fully follow the hierarchical configuration of urban service facilities,when breakthrough their home range.Their spatial choice has a strong goal orientation.The four factors,health,economic,social and built environment,have a relative relationship to their daily behavior.Thirdly,to infer SIEPwDs and explore SRSPwDs,this paper finds that the positive effect of their spatial agglomeration can be used as a means to restrain the negative effect.The “passive” state of SIPPwDs makes an inclination to negative.However,their spatial agglomeration can promote part of them going out of home actively and positively.As far as agglomeration itself is concerned,it can produce scale effect.Therefore,this paper suggests that to enhance the positive effect,the market can participate in their living space and to bring a win-win situation for the government,market,society and PwDs.Lastly,it is clearly that the keynotes of SRSPwDs are the redeployment of time and spatial order.This paper puts forward the strategy of improving supply efficiency from time and space perspective.In the time dimension,it suggests that different spatial mobility of PwDs’ needs should supply different order.The stronger the mobility and ability to travel,the more priority they should be given to supply.In the spatial dimension,considering the features of spatial agglomeration,we should adopt differentiated supply mode before recognizing the agglomeration mechanism.And considering the sptial type differentiation and daily behavior constraint,we need to supply precisely and carely through planning intervention.