| Modern tourism appeared in Britain.British tourism development undergoes the pattern of travel?tourism and tourism industry.In ancient Greece,the merchants travelled for profit and the travel channel of human beings was opened by business travel.In the Roman Empire,its vast territory,advanced production technology,developed road network,and courier stations established by both the government&businessmen etc.provided objective material conditions for all kinds of travels and tourist activities at that time.An upsurge of pilgrimage started under the rule of religious theocracy in Western Europe.There are close relationships between the tremendous changes happened in modern society and the Renaissance began in the 14th century and British industrial revolution started in the middle of the 18th century.The ideological emancipation due to the Renaissance laid the spiritual foundation for change of people's mind,while science and technology progress due to the industrial revolution laid the material foundation of human beings.These two important progresses in the history of human development brought the British people new values,ways of thinking and way of life,thus influenced the development and change of everything,including tourism.After the end of the industrial revolution in the middle of the 19th century,breakthrough progress had been made in the British travel and tourism industry.Due to the rise of the middle class and the increasing number of tourist,the number of people travel for recreation,for the first time,exceeded the number of people travel for business which was the conventionally dominant tourist type.Among these tourists,especially the middle class,many of them had never been on a long trip.They would be cautious to travel out or even give up travel,as they knew nothing about the destinations.At this moment,Thomas cook keenly observed people's needs and tentatively organized group travel.After the success of a series of non-profit activities,he set up the first travel agency based on the accumulated experiences,which marked the beginning of modern tourism.This thesis attempts to study on the subject about the rise of British tourism in modern times and its development in the contemporary age.The discussion starts from the three aspects acknowledged as the three pillars of tourism industry,i.e.tourism traffic,accommodation&travel agency,we discuss different phases of their developments in chronological order,and elaborate major tourist activities in each phase.This thesis is composed by the preface,the conclusion and the text which contains four chapters.The preface mainly states why this subject is selected,its current situation of research,and its research program.The first chapter mainly outlines travel and tourist activities happened in Ancient Greece,Ancient Rome and medieval Western Europe.Many domestic and foreign scholars believe that there was no tourist activity,but travel activity,in the society before the industrial revolution.But even in the society dominated by travel activities,a part of the ruling class and the client class would be like to travel,as they both had"money" and "leisure time",what were the objective conditions for tourism.Especially in ancient Rome,because of the convenient transportation and hotels,more and more people were stimulated to travel;even some of the general public was also involved.In Western Europe,under the rule of religious theocracy in the middle ages,Christians mainly pilgrimaged to Rome,Canterbury and San Diego to express their faith to God,while Muslim pilgrimaged to Mecca to advocate Allah.Some of them would stay down for landscapes on the trip,and become tourists.The text gradually focuses on the early development of tourism in Britain,discusses the origin and background of tourism rise and development in modern Britain.The second chapter is the key of this thesis,mainly expounds the rise of modern British tourism.Before the industrial revolution,Britain started to improve highway traffic by the way of collecting tolls,and improve waterway transport by the methods of extending,widening,dredging,and started to construct canals.The early hotels were mainly located on the edge of highways and canals,served the passengers passed by.The main activities of British tourism in early modern times are business travels under the mercantilism,study tours to Europe of nobles and spa tourisms to the places where have mineral springs.The industrial revolution in mid-18th century created many favorable conditions for the development of tourism.New technology application in the transportation provided driving force for modern tourism.The rise of the middle class,urbanization and large-scale population mobility crated a huge tourist market.And the growth of social wealth and income laid a solid material foundation for modern tourism.An upsurge of tourism arised in this phase because that the subjective and objective factors had been satisfied.The main activities then are seaside holiday travel and sightseeing.The third chapter mainly discusses the development of British tourism after the industrial revolution,especially the development of accommodation industry and travel agency industry.There was a close relationship between the developments of modern hotel in Britain with railway.The earliest hotels were sited along the railway lines,and the railway company even participated in the business.With the increase of the number of tourists,luxury hotels were began to be built at that time,in order to meet the needs of different tourists.In view of the huge and potential market,travel agency industry that specially provides tourist products and services arises.Thomas Cook travel service founded in 1845,opened up a new era of modern tourism.The fourth chapter summarizes the development of modern British tourism.In the middle of the 20th century,the Britain issued the "tourism development act",which provided the newly built and renovated hotels with policy and financial supports,thus started a hotel building upsurge and implemented collectivization management of modern hotel.There was a boom in domestic tourism,international tourism and outbound tourism in modern Britain.The conclusion sums up the full text,points out that tourist activity had come into being before modern times,although the word said tourism came up in the 19th century.Such activities were not common but really existed at that time.The industrial revolution created many conditions for tourism generation.With luck and effort,the Britain b-comes the origin place of modern tourism.It has made an indelible contribution to the development of world tourism industry. |
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