| Our research topic is based on the relationship between the pseudo-manchu language system and the "variation" of the northeast Mandarin.From the time limit,it belongs to the pseudo-Manchurian Chinese history category,and of course it has a direct relationship with the existence form of the Northeast Mandarin.(1)The Puppet Manchu language system is related to the implementation of the Puppet Manchu language policy.Of course,it involves some theoretical and practical issues related to it.Language use is based on language beliefs and develops in different social groups,and language policy leads people to manage other people's language life and language practice through certain behaviors.On the global scale,scholars who study language policy are not uncommon,but some scholars who specialize in policy research during the period of the Puppet Manchuria period mostly study from the perspectives of history,politics,economy,education,etc.,and truly study from the perspective of language policy.Scholars of the Puppet Manchukuo language system are rare.Even if someone is involved,it is only a discussion of the Puppet Manchukuo education system,and mentions the content of the Puppet Manchu language policy.However,the academic achievements that combine the pseudo-manchu language policy with the study of the development of the Mandarin in Northeast China have rarely been involved,which is an obvious shortcoming of academic research in Chinese linguistics.In this paper,we first summarize the language policy and language system of the Russian-Russian colonial rule in the northeastern region,the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the period of the Puppet Manchukuo period,and the four periods before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.In the Manchurian affiliated area and the “Kantong State”,a series of language policies were also implemented.The core of these language policies is “Yang Ribing Han”.This language policy is usually in line with the education policy.Through a tougher language policy,the language status of Japanese in the Manchurian affiliated area has been greatly enhanced,which truly reflects the essence of Japan's education policy in the Northeast.During the period of the Puppet Manchukuo,the Japanese colonists proposed a tougher language policy,which was mainly formulated and implemented by the Kwantung Army Department of Military Affairs.In the language strategy,the policy of “reinforcing the Japanese and suppressing the Han” was implemented,and the “Manchu Difference” was vigorously promoted."This fragmented language strategy,and its characteristics are concealed and mandatory when implementing colonial language policy."After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,after the National Government replaced the Puppet Manchu government as the ruler of the Northeast,in addition to using the "de-Japanization" and "decolonization" activities to eliminate Japan's colonial influence on Northeast China,it mainly implemented its practice in the Northeast.The "implementation of Mandarin" language policy.After introducing the language policies of various periods in Northeast China,we studied the literature based on the textbooks of the Northeastern dialects of the Japanese in the period of the Manchukuo period.The "Northeast Mandarin" during the period of the Manchuria period was from pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,The four aspects of pragmatics have been described and studied.In the period of the Puppet Manchuria,the symbols of the Northeast Mandarin were more diversified;most of the Japanese textbooks in the northeastern Manchuria period had a more systematic introduction of the Manchu language speech system,which proved that the northeast Mandarin voice had formed a certain The voice system,or the prototype of the voice system;the tone became an important part of the northeast Mandarin voice;the northeast Mandarin was greatly influenced by the Beijing Mandarin,and it could even be called the Beijing Mandarin variant with certain northeast local voice features.From the lexical point of view,in the period of the Puppet Manchukuo,the vocabulary category of the Northeast Mandarin was still dominated by nouns.Under the influence of the Japanese colonial language policy,the vocabulary of the Northeast Mandarin became the "Manchu language" vocabulary system,and deliberately with the "Zinna language"."The difference is made,and at the same time,a vocabulary system based on Beijing Mandarin vocabulary,rubber linguistic Mandarin vocabulary and Japanese foreign words or suspected Japanese foreign words is formed.In terms of vocabulary variation,compared with the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the proportion of the word class in the period of the Manchuria period was not significant;the vocabulary system of the Northeast Mandarin was composed of the words of Beijing Mandarin and the dialect of Jiao Liao dialect.The lexical system of the color of "Concord" is mutated;and due to the influence of Japanese colonial language policy,the vocabulary of the Northeast Mandarin is "politicized".From the grammatical point of view,in the period of the Puppet Manchukuo period,the syntactic structure of the Northeast Mandarin was dominated by the subject-predicate structure,and the number of other syntactic structures was not much different.The Manchu language began to form a grammatical system,and deliberately and the "Zinna language".In the grammatical system,the "Manchu language" grammar is based on Beijing Mandarin grammar,supplemented by Jiaoliao Mandarin grammar and Japanese grammar,and the grammar with the characteristics of Jiaoliao Mandarin is more than Japanese grammar.In terms of grammatical variation,compared with the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the syntactic structure of the Puppet Manchukuo period was not much different.The grammatical system of the Northeast dialect was from the grammatical system of Beijing Mandarin and Jiao Liao dialect to "Manchu language" and "Concord".The variation of the grammatical system of the language,and the variation of the grammatical system of the Northeast dialect caused by the language policy,did not incite the dominant position of the Beijing Mandarin grammar in the Northeastern dialect grammar system.From the perspective of pragmatics,the northeast Mandarin conversation in the period of the Puppet Manchukuo has the following characteristics: 1.The northeast Mandarin of the Puppet Manchurian period generally goes straight to the theme;2.Pays great attention to the "Politeness Principle";3.Does not attach importance to the artistry.And humor;4.The conversational mode between Jiaoliao Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin is still the main mode of conversation in the Northeast.In terms of pragmatic variation,we can see that the conversational pattern of the Northeast Mandarin in the period of the Puppet Manchus was affected by the Japanese language,but in general,there is still no deviation from the conversational mode between the Jiaoliao Mandarin and the Beijing Mandarin.There have been major changes in the Code.The use of a large number of honorifics in Japanese has also occurred in the Northeast Mandarin.With regard to the artistic and humorous sense of language,we find that although the folk conversational mode still loves humor and art.Conversational mode,but the actual ruler of the "Pseudo Manchuria" was not respected by the Japanese,which caused the conversational mode in which the Northeastern Mandarin did not attach importance to artistry and humor.Finally,we summarize the influence of the language policies of various historical periods in Northeast China on the “variation” of the northeast Mandarin.It is found that although the Japanese colonists and the Puppet Manchurian government have been pursuing the language policy of “heavily suppressing the Han” in the northeast,Japanese is the official language for the Northeast.The influence of the Japanese language policy has deepened the influence of Beijing's official language on the northeast Mandarin.The language policy of the Japanese colonists' "manchu-Chinese differences" indirectly made the Northeast Mandarin become an independent,Systematic dialect.It is of great academic significance to systematically study the language policy of the Puppet Manchukuo and the "variation" form of the Northeast Mandarin.1.The formation of contemporary Northeast Mandarin is a continuous process of historical development.Therefore,we choose a special pseudo-Manchu period as a starting point,and we will have a deep understanding of this process and its related Northeastern Mandarin "mutation" problem.This is an irreplaceable study of the Northeast dialect in other periods.The author finds that there is no scholar from the perspective of sociolinguistics to systematically study the abnormal "variation" existence form in the development of the Northeast Mandarin.Therefore,this problem is a research object and has certain innovation.2.In the historical process of the development of the Mandarin in Northeast China,various "forces" elements exert their active "activity",in addition to relying on its internal evolution mechanism,it is also affected by other external factors.This topic takes "institution" as the starting point,and takes the basic "variation" form of Chinese written and spoken language as the observation object,trying to reveal the regular features contained in it.3.Through the language contact and language policy theory in the theory of sociolinguistics,this paper analyzes how the Japanese Mandarin is "mutated" under the colonial language policy in the Puppet Manchuria,and the form of the consequences caused by the "variation".4.During the period of the Puppet Manchukuo period,the composition of the Puppet Manchu government education policy and language policy system was determined by the Japanese colonial system.Studying the implementation of the Japanese colonial system is crucial to the variation of the Puppet Manchu Chinese language.The basic premise of the variation of full Chinese,and the Chinese scholars in the past during the pseudo-Manchu period just ignored this point.5.The "variation" form of the northeast Mandarin under the pseudo-manchu language system is in the same vein as the "variation" form of the northeast Mandarin under the colonial language system established after Japan's full aggression against China.It is clear that the "variation" of the northeast Mandarin under the pseudo-manchu language system exists in a real state,and it also directly promotes the study of the "variation" of other Chinese dialects,and produces a positive academic chain effect.This is a fact that needs to be known clearly.Therefore,the study of the "variation" of the northeast Mandarin under the pseudo-manchu language system does not exist in isolation,but is the aggregation and collection of relevant academic research,and the comprehensive effect can be revealed. |
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