The Calligraphy Exchange Between China And Japan During The Republic Of China Period

This thesis is a monographic study about China-Japanese calligraphic exchange in the Republic of China era.It is composed of six parts as follows:In chapter one,in the context of the impact of foreign cultures on China and Japan,the author analyzes the status of modern China-Japanese in the trend of “Western learning spreading to the East”,and the historical background and characteristics of the exchange between Chinese and Japanese calligraphy are discussed.In chapter two and three,the author intends to classify the main purposes of exchange between Chinese and Japanese scholars who have been to China and Japan during the period of the Republic of China into four categories: activities in China for communicating with Chinese calligraphers and painters,activities in China for historic sites investigation,friendship and academic research during visits to Japan and activities in Japan under special circumstances.Moreover,the author points out through demonstration that the exchanges of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy were frequent during the period of the Republic of China,which has changed from Japan's unilateral study and learning of Chinese calligraphy since ancient times to gradually entered the state of equal exchange and mutual learning between Chinese and Japanese scholars.In the fourth chapter,the number of calligraphy and painting associations established in China and Japan has gradually increased in modern times.At the same time,the calligraphy and painting associations jointly founded by Chinese and Japanese calligraphers and painters have appeared.On the basis of Chinese and Japanese newspaper and journal materials at that time,this chapter narrates the situation that China and Japan set up calligraphy and painting associations jointly during the period of the Republic of China.Through the investigation and analysis of the data,it is pointed out that although these associations were affected seriously by many problems in the society at that time,Chinese and Japanese calligraphers and painters still strove to establish associations so as to promote friendly exchanges between Chinese and Japanese calligraphers and painters.Finally,the outbreak of war became a disaster in the art world,and all the associations disappeared eventually.The fifth chapter takes Qi Baishi(1864-1957)and Hashimoto Kansetsu(1883-1945)as examples to discuss the dissemination and influence of their calligraphy and painting works in China and Japan.The main feature of Qi Baishi is that he has never been to Japan,but his calligraphy and seal cutting works were popular in Japan.As the intermediary of Qi Baishi,his Japanese friends played a very important role in ordering seals and paintings.Meanwhile,Qi Baishi is friendly to Japanese.While the main characteristic of Hashimoto Kansetsu is that he is concerned by China according to Shun Pao.It can be said that Hashimoto Kansetsu was one of the Japanese artists who exchanged with Chinese artists the most frequently during the period of the Republic of China.In the meantime,Hashimoto Kansetsu also had a great influence on the artistic creation of Chinese artists in the same era such as Fu Baoshi(1904-1965)while drawing the essence of traditional Chinese culture and art.In chapter six,through the theoretical works of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy during the period of the Republic of China in the trend of “Western learning spreading to the East”,this paper makes a detailed comparison and discussion on the different ways of accepting Western culture between the two countries in the same period,and the influence of Japanese calligraphy on Chinese calligraphy.Moreover,the main feature is that both Chinese and Japanese calligraphy circles have been influenced by western psychology,thus starting the study of calligraphy from the perspective of psychology.At the same time,the famous calligraphers in the Chinese and Japanese calligraphy circles during the period of the Republic of China were still in the “closed” state,even if psychological and aesthetic researchers took great pains to explore new ways to study calligraphy with “scientific” Western methods,it had little pushing effect on calligraphers.Through research and demonstration,the state,development and concept of calligraphy,as well as other characteristics in the exchange of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy under the influence of the West in the Republic of China are revealed.In addition,the materials related to the exchange of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy in the period of the Republic of China are collected and classified,and the important events,figures and activities in the exchange of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy in modern times are sorted out to form the Chronology of the Great Events of the China-Japanese Calligraphy Exchange in Modern Times.