The Category Of "Buji" In Mandarin Chinese

Comparison is the basic way for people to understand the world,as a category of linguistics,the comparative semantic content,the syntactic form of comparative meaning is a long-term exploration of the subject of linguistics.In the comparative sentence pattern in Chinese,the academic circles focus on the "Bizi" sentence,and pay less attention to the other comparative constructions.In this paper,we take the category of "Buji" ——the comparative sentence pattern that represents the meaning of "Buji" as the research object,the paper is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter introduces the reasons for choosing the topic,research object,research ideas,research theories,research methods and corpus sources.The research status is analyzed from three angles: semantic classification of the comparative category,belonging of "Buji" category and members of "Buji" category.Through the analysis,it is found that the research on the comparative sentence pattern that represents the meaning of "Buji" is mainly based on the "Buru" sentence and "Meiyou(Mei)" sentence,In addition to the two sentence patterns,"Buji" category members also include comparative sentence with markers of "Moru","Bibushang","Ganbushang","Bibude","Buji","Diyu","Ciyu","Xiaoyu","Shaoyu" and comparative sentence without the marker.Based on the existing research results,the paper tries to make a more comprehensive study on "Buji" Category.In the second chapter,we set up the category of "Buji" in Mandarin Chinese,and analyzed the meaning,nature and members of "Buji".In the semantic category,the members of "Buji" category should be in accordance with the characteristics:the subject in the degree of value is lower than the standard;In syntax,the members require the subject,the standard,the marker(or the adjective)and other components.Under the guidance of the prototype theory of categorization,according to the level of the frequency of use,the members of "Buji" category are divided into typical members and non typical members,Typical members include "Buru" sentence,"Meiyou(Mei)" sentence,"Buji" sentence,"Bibushang" sentence.The paper points out that the word order of "Buji" category members corresponding to the sequence of events described and reflect the order iconicity.In the third chapter,the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter,the typical members of "Buji" category are described in detail by using the three-plane theory.In terms of structural characteristics,the paper analyzes the structural form of the members,counts the number of various forms in the corpus of contemporary literature of Peking University and analyzes the syntactic characteristics of the components of each member: syntactic components as the subject and the standard,word class or structure of the marker,syntactic components as the adjective and the point,position of the point.In terms of semantic characteristics,the paper summarizes the semantics of each member,and analyzes the semantic characteristics of the components of each member: semantic constraints and semantic specificity of the subject and the standard,implication and implicit rules of the point,degree,semantic positivity,semantic fuzziness and semantic orientation of the adjective,the use of the demonstrative pronoun in front of the adjective.In terms of pragmatic function,the paper analyzes the topic structure of each member: When the point is at the beginning of a sentence,it acts as the topic of the whole sentence;When the subject and the standard can not be separated into two units,the two acts as the topic;In other cases,the subject acts as the topic.From the proportion of quantitative adjective,"Meiyou(Mei)" sentence tends to objective comparison;"Buru" sentence,"Buji" sentence and "Bibushang" sentence tend to subjective comparison.From the frequency of the use of the members in different styles,the use tendency of typical members in written and spoken language: "Buji" sentence > "Buru" sentence > "Bibushang" sentence > "Meiyou(Mei)" sentence,The members of the front row are inclined to the written language,and the members in the back are inclined to the spoken language style.In the sixth chapter,the two special members of "Buji" category are studied.The semantics of "A Buru B,B Buru C" is to show that C has incomparable advantages in each comparison.In terms of pragmatic functions,this sentence has strong subjective characteristics,which shows the speaker's ideas,attitudes and feelings: When the order of A,B,and C is in accordance with the normal cognition of people,It expresses the speaker's emphasis on C items.When the order of A,B,and C is not in accordance with the normal cognition of people,It expresses the speaker's helplessness,ridicule,irony and other different attitudes and feelings.The semantics of "A Lian B dou/ye/hai Buru" is that the speaker default A,B in the same semantic level,If the order of the members is arranged,according to the cognitive routine or the speaker's personal view,A should be higher than B,and the actual adjective is A lower than B.In terms of pragmatic functions,this sentence is mainly to express the counter-expectation discourse information and denounce the subject.The seventh chapter is the conclusion,which points out the innovation and deficiency.The innovation of this paper lies in the establishment of the category of "Buji",the description of typical members and the analysis of special members.The establishment of "Buji" category deepens the understanding of comparative category,provides a reference for the construction and in-depth discussion of other semantic and syntactic categories in Chinese,and provides a new thinking for the teaching of comparative sentence pattern of "Buji" meaning in TCFL.