Research On The Cultivation And Development Of Social Organizations On The Perspective Of Social Governance

Using State-society Relations theory and modern Governance theory as the analysis frame,taking Nanjing city as a case,through literature research,field research and action research,under the background of advancing the modernization in China,this paper made a multi-angle,multi-level theoretical analysis,history examining and reality study to the strategy and practice of social organizations cultivation.Then,it also made a forward-looking analysis to the trend,the path and mechanism of the cultivation and development of social organizations.Finally,it put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.Cultivating social organizations is a social policy selection,which has the Chinese characteristics.In the transformation of China,cultivating social organizations is the product to adjust the relationship between state and society and historical social genes,the essence of which is that State and government is promoting social organizations' moderate development by controlled,to meet the needs of the national governance objectives.After the founding of new China,the state and society was gradually highly isomorphic,and social nationalization tendency was relatively significant.After the reform and opening up,under the market economy system,the development of the society itself obtained a new space,but the relationship between the state and society still needed to be adjusted to adapt to the governance modernization needs.Especially in the middle-income stage of development,shortage of the supply of public goods,growing gap between rich and poor,government officials of corruption and bureaucratic tendencies spread and other social problems,all of which increase social risks.The real risks of the middle-income trap lead to the reform of Chinese governance mechanism.Promoting social organizations' moderate development under controlling and taking active measures to cultivate is an important policy breakthrough to resolve social risks,adjust the relations among main governance bodies and governance modes.However,China's social organizations' subjectivity is still weak,the abilities of service supply are insufficient and development structure is unbalanced,all of which are difficult to adapt to the development demand of social governance.This is the objective demand and endogenous power of cultivating and developing social organizations.To promote the moderate development of social organizations,Central government takes national global and consolidates the ruling foundation of the ruling party at the first place.Meanwhile,the local governments have different understanding and operation pattern for the implementation of the policy,which maybe is the driver of record and examination.Social organizations' cultivating institutions have the motivation of both practice mission and social responsibility,and also have to expand its influence,gain more resources and voice concerns.While,most social organizations which are willing to be cultivated are to obtain the chances of survival in order to obtain legal,to access to resources,to improve organizational capabilities and influence,etc.Active participation in civil society organizations founded mainly want to realize the value of mission,to participate in public affairs,to realize implementation and mutual help between groups,to aspirate the interests,to obtain a job,to promote the development of social work,etc.It is the benign interaction and coupling among the state,society and citizens that provides an organic combining site for the formation of the policy of cultivating social organizations.In Nanjing,cultivating social organization is under the leading of governments and the participation of multivariate social forces.The practice form three representative body composition and action mode:government-operation cultivation,government-society-cooperation cultivation,social-participation cultivation.These modes produced different results.The mode of government-society-cooperation cultivation's effectiveness is relatively significant,and the mode of social-participation cultivation is encouraged.This study also started action research.Through government-society-cooperation cultivation,a new social organization waw produced,and then intervened a community to participate community governance and service.We found that such social organization collaborating governance can improve community internal relations,enhance community service level.And we can further reveal that the existing community management system had inner contradictions and defects and the involvement of social organizations will be beneficial to the reform and innovation of community governance.But it requires an effective system design and security.Modern governance is multi-agent cooperation governance.With the promoting of governance modernization,and under the condition that the policy of developing and supporting social organizations in a normally and orderly way is unchanged,the function of social organizations will continue to improve and play a more important role in China.If that,legal subject status of social organizations is expected to strengthen.What's more,social organizations and the government are going to build an equal partnership constantly in the condition of that their benign interaction is ordinary.However,at the same time of whose number and size is increasing,social organizations may be different and come to natural selection.Quite a part of social organizations have many weaknesses to overcome.They included organization dysplasia,insufficient resources,the lack of talents and some function of alienation.Recently,cultivation mechanism of social organizations will be further intensified for their development.In the medium-term trend,"cultivating" function may gradually fade out and "supporting" function may be more prominent.From a long-term point of view,the government-led cultivating mode could gradually fade away with that independent participation mechanism of social organization may be enhanced.At last,it put forward the corresponding policy recommendations about main body status,policy guarantee,supply of resource and cultivation mechanism.