The Study Of The Implementation Of The Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy In The Country

Since the mid-1980s,China has started the organized,planned and large-scale rural poverty alleviation and development process.The formulation and implementation of poverty alleviation policies has become the basic practice form of poverty management.In the past more than 30 years' poverty alleviation and development,China has gradually formed the management system of "central co-ordination,provincial responsibility,and county implementation",as well as the poverty alleviation mechanism of "area-oriented,village-based,and households focused poverty targeting".With the great achievements of poverty alleviation and development in rural areas,the effect of economic growth has been in decline,and coupled with the distribution and poverty depth of the remaining poor,China put forward the targeted poverty alleviation policy,and brought it to the strategy height relating to the political direction,the fundamental system and the development path of the party and country.Thus,in the top-down bureaucratic system,China began to set off a vigorous targeted poverty alleviation campaign with the large-scale practice of policies,projects implemented,and cadres assigned in the countryside.The poverty village is the terminal of the poverty management,as well as the implementation space of poverty alleviation and development policies.Therefore,in the poverty management system from the central government to the grass-roots society,the cadres in towns and villages who at the bottom of the bureaucracy,become the real executors in the implementation of poverty alleviation policies,and play the important role of "street bureaucracy" in theory.At the scene of the policy implementation,they contact and interact with villagers directly and face to face.And the result of the policy implementation can determine the realization extent of the poverty management objectives,as well as directly impact villagers' evaluation and views on the country and government.At the same time,because of China's unique grassroots governance ecology,the cadres in towns and villages are at the junction of the state and society,and this forms a special action situation of the policy implementation.Thus,The street bureaucracy in China has the identity both with the feature of street and bureaucratic,faced with bureaucratic organizations and local society,and engaged with formal and informal interaction at the same time.And as the street bureaucracy,the rural cadres use their identity,space and interaction in policy implementation,and promote the rural poverty governance through the production and reconstitution of rules,scenes and results in the policy implementation.The township cadres,village cadres and villagers made interaction with each other around the policy implementation,and this revealed the process,practice of the policy implementation with the practice of the poverty governance in the countryside.Although the state tried to realize the standardization and precision in the process of identifying the poverty people in village,the technical rule-led democratic appraisement brought the unintended consequences.And then the village cadres had to reconstruct the rules in order to achieve the goal of accurate identification,and thus promoted the township cadres to manage the work of establishing cards for poverty people,which presented some rationality in the process and results of the poverty identifying.In the execution process of poverty alleviation projects,the township cadres led the villagers to agree with the land conversion on their own through creating a rational interaction scene with villagers.And the village cadres also used the unacquainted scene to solve the problem of illegal cultivating in the project area,which in order to avoid the pressure and resistance generated from the acquaintance society.Thus,through the production of interactive scenes,rural cadres successfully promoted the poverty alleviation projects to implement in village and achieved the local government' pursuit of unification and scale development in the industrial development process.There were also full of production and reconstitution in the process of coping with the assessment and evaluation from governments of higher levels,including the production of materials and data and the reconstitution of results.In other words,the rural cadres tried to replenish and decorate the implementation results according to the assessment methods and requirements from the upper governments,leading to present the "satisfactory" and "reasonable" result from poverty governance.Therefore,the implementation practice of the poverty management policy can be viewed as rural cadres' action based on their special street bureaucracy status,street action space and the interaction with the policy object.In the action situation of policy implementation,rural cadres used the flexible strategies to promote the implementation of poverty management policy through the production and reconstitution of rules,scenes and results in policy implementation,and this led to a task-oriented poverty governance pattern.In essence,the implementation of rural cadres is also a kind of discretion in the policy implementation of street bureaucracy.But unlike the West,China's rural cadres are more pursuing the policy objectives from the state and higher authorities.The discretion does not necessarily lead to the deviation of policy implementation,and it may promote the realization of policy objectives.At the same time,the cadres in towns and villages also play different roles in the policy implementation process.The township cadres are more like management street bureaucracy,who pay much attention to the pursuit of"doing the right thing" and make more discretion on the results.And the village cadres are more like the procedural street bureaucracy,who pursue to do things easily and make more discretion on processes.This difference comes from the different execution situations faced by the different rural cadres,and it is also a kind of strategy or cooperative choice made by them.In fact,the production and reconstitution of rules,scenes and results may occur in each stage of the policy implementation.Instead of saying that the discretion and deviation in policy implementation is resulted from the external pressure,the rural cadres also can make some selective discretion so as to achieve the objectives and effects put forward by the state and higher policy makers.