Study On Marx's Concept Of Labor

For a long time,the philosophy circle always thinks that Marx's theory of labor is very different from Marx's before and after two different periods,Marx's works before and after the concept of labor is very different.Under the influence of Hegel,Feuerbach and other philosophers in the early stage,Marx mainly interpreted labor humanitarianism,and later turned to political economic criticism,analyzing the objective content of labor under capitalist condition.This paper argues that Marx's understanding of the concept of labor is different at different times.In economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844,the concept of labor is mainly based on human nature.Later,in the " Das Kapital" in this article and other Marx's articles,the concept of labor is mainly refers to the human physical and mental consumption.The concept of labor in the sense of human physical and mental expenditure is to understand all the necessary for human survival,the concept of labor in this period and before the concept of Marx's labor is not fundamentally opposed.In the early works,Marx said that labor is alienation,which is relative to the realization of human nature.In terms of human survival,labor is not alienation.The problem is that mental and physical spending is a means of survival,not the full meaning of life.As a means to earn a living,labor is the premise of all life activities,but the final labor should go beyond this premise to become the realization of human nature.In "Das Kapital" and its manuscripts,Marx discovered the essence of commodity economy and the secret of capitalist surplus value production from the logical starting point of mental and physical expenditure.From the point of view of the logic of capital production,Marx believes that this expenditure will go to the opposite of capitalist society,resulting in labor under the conditions of capitalist production will eventually go to its opposite.The so-called difference in the concept of labor is due to the answer to the question is different,in terms of human survival labor is a costly activity,in terms of human nature labor must go beyond this connotation.This paper argues that this fracture is essentially a regression,from the labor concept of "Das Kapital" and its manuscript to the labor concept of "Manuscript".This paper focuses on the labor concepts of " Manuscripts " and " Das Kapital".In " Manuscripts ",Marx put forward the reversion of labor to human nature from the concept of labor in ancient Greek philosophy.In ancient Greece,morality was realized as the essence of human beings,so we focused on the moral and ethical content of labor.in essence,labor was put forward in the essence of human beings.In " Das Kapital" and its manuscripts,mainly from the concept of classical economics of labor,labor in the sense of cost to produce social wealth.In the manuscript,Marx criticized the social reality of the alienation of workers and labor products,the alienation of workers and labor process,the alienation of the nature of human beings,and the alienation of people.This humanitarian criticism from the loss of the object of labor and the reality of slavery by the object shows that labor returns to human nature.In " Das Kapital",Marx did not defend the rationality of the capitalist system as classical economists did after the general description of the capitalist economic law.Starting from the reality of the separation of capitalist working conditions and workers,starting from the contradiction between private ownership and socialized mass production,starting from the opposition between surplus value and wage labor,Marx pointed out that labor will go to workers,to the capitalist system,and finally to the opposite of human society.In this way,the return of the labor concept of "Das Kapital" to the labor concept of " Manuscripts " appears.In fact,starting with the cost of spending,itself contains the inevitability of return to the people themselves,which is consistent with the process of capitalist development.Generally speaking,Marx's concept of labor is different from the previous research path,the basis of labor from rational to human nature,from the pursuit of reality to the ultimate pursuit,from the realization of negative freedom to positive freedom,in short,Marx's concept of labor reflects historical dialectic.