| Under the background of remove ageing population,with the acceleration of urbanization,the pension and care of elderly people with disabilities in rural areas have become increasingly prominent.On the one hand,the removal of a large number of young and middle-aged in rural areas caused the lack of living care for the disabled elders in the old-age model of rural families,making it difficult for the traditional family to support them.On the other hand,due to the traditional concept of old-age pension and economic conditions,system of old-age services such as institution for old-age care and community support for the elderly have not been universally accepted by rural disabled elderly.Therefore,under the difficult system of old-age services development in rural areas and the inadequate support for family-care in the new era,how to seek and develop a new type of endowment pattern that can meet the care needs and the endowment will of the disabled elderly in rural China,let them live a happy life in their old age is an important issue and also an urgent task in the current system of old-age services in rural areas.This article is in this context to carry out research.Based on the force of family,government and society,and combining the advantages of various endowment patterns,this paper creatively proposes a new endowment pattern that meets the characteristics of rural disabled elderly in our country,In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern.It means that disabled elderly people aged 60 or above in rural areas are cared by their children,relatives,neighbors or friends after receiving specialized training.In this model,caregivers receive corresponding financial subsidies based on their work intensity.The proposal of the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern,on the one hand,is conducive to improving the quality of care for rural disabled elderly.Due to the traditional concept of home-based care for elderly people in rural areas and the concept of mutual help among neighbors and friends,the concept of easy-to-assistance life,and the presence of a large number of left-behind women,this kind of low-cost and highly-affiliated old-age care model is more suitable.The willingness of old people in rural areas to support their homes for old age helps to improve the living standards and well-being of the disabled elderly in rural areas.On the other hand,the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern provides new ideas for alleviating the current situation of rural care workers.This model can not only create jobs,but it can also be used as a talent pool for the elderly care industry.In the future,it will provide an uninterrupted supply of labor to rural disabled elderly and even urban disabled seniors,and then solve the problem of shortage of supply care in our country.At the same time,this paper uses economic means—long-term care insurance to solve the problem of the source of funding for caregivers' allowances for control service providers.It can both increase the economic income of care providers and provide a sustainable fund guarantee for this type of care.As an innovative model,how to defined the nature of In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern? What is the relationship between this pattern and the rural primary care models? Does it have the theoretical feasibility and practical feasibility of promotion in rural areas? And how to design a set of fair and impartial,objective and scientific operating mechanisms and supporting mechanisms based on the learning from foreign experience is the focus of this study.Based on the above issues,this paper starts with the supply and demand of the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern for rural disabled elderly and the care and service of them,and proceeds along the lines of “Theoretical Analysis-Empirical Research-Experience-Path Design”.First of all,based on the analysis of commonly used concepts,expound the concept,nature,core elements and characteristics of the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern for the elderly,and analyze the commonalities and differences between the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern and other mainstream models.Secondly,based on the multidisciplinary theory,this paper puts forward the theoretical basis of developing In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern for the aged.Again,based on the questionnaire data,this article analyzes the willingness to choose of the market supply and demand balance,and use the Logit model to measure the factors influencing the willingness of choice,and analyze the results according to the measurement results.Then,provide detailed introduction to the care allowance programs of the four OECD countries.Finally,follow the principle of the government-led,meet the demand and gradual and orderly progress,systematically put forward to build a new type of rural old-age endowment pattern that meets the national conditions of our country under the cooperation mechanism of family,government and third parties,to provide a useful reference for promoting the development and improvement of rural old-age security system in China.Based on the above research,this paper draws the following conclusion:First,the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern is an old-age care model that combines traditional family endowment with modern home-based care for the elderly.Its essence is a socialized old-age care model.The In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern draws on the advantages of the current mainstream pension model,and is not only a way out of the predicament of the traditional pension model,but also a bold attempt in the transition from the family pension model to the social pension model.The purpose of replacing the traditional old-age care model is to give more choices to disabled seniors in rural areas.This is a useful supplement to the traditional old-age care model.Second,the promotion of In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern is theoretically feasible.From the theory of family intergenerational relationship and human capital investment theory,In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern with family pension features has a certain theoretical feasibility.From the efficiency theory,In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern is a Pareto improvement and is a good policy;From the perspective of the game theory,it is concluded that the minimization of moral hazard in this model is guaranteed by a sound legal mechanism,supervisory mechanism and other supporting mechanisms.This conclusion provides the direction of designing the specific mechanisms.Thirdly,the popularization of In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern is practically feasible.In the short run,although the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern imbalances between supply and demand,but in long run,imbalances will be weakened by the results of the new generation of rural residents in the choice of pension options.Overall,the In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern has good potential for development in rural areas and is an innovative model to cope with an aging population.Empirical analysis shows that care experience,pension satisfaction and the purchase of long-term care insurance have an important impact on the choice of rural residents to provide elderly care.The willingness to purchase long-term care insurance and the way of anticipation of pension significantly affect the disabled population and the need for health care services for aged care services,to a certain extent,this result proves the feasibility of In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern through family members providing care services and care subsidy financing through long-term care insurance,provided an empirical test.Fourthly,the smooth running of In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern requires a well-established mechanism as a guarantee.However,based on the fact that the foreign development experience can not be copied and the domestic experience is immature,this paper constructs the basic frame and mechanism of new rural old-age model with Chinese characteristics through creative thinking: in accordance with the principle of government-led,demand-satisfaction and gradual progress,Step-by-step "steps from point-to-line to line-to-surface" with funding sources relying on long-term source of care insurance,assessment and monitoring mechanisms to third-party agencies,fostering rural informal human resource management and developmental intelligence Pension mechanism and other ideas.Under the current social,economic and cultural changes,the transition from the traditional family pension to the social pension that is hit by a series of changes is an inevitable trend of China's pension system.The In-home Supportive Endowment Pattern is a kind of socialized old-age mode based on family support in this process of change.It is a positive exploration of the gradual transfer of rural pension to the society.It is hoped that this paper will consider the construction of an aged care service system for the disabled elderly in rural areas in China,which will be beneficial to the development of China's aged care service and social security system. |
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