| "Anti-Terrorism",beyond any doubt,is one of the most popular terms in field of public security at home and abroad.Ever since the "7 5" event in 2009,China's anti-terrorism situation worsens further.There has the "Three Forces" made a series of terrorist attacks against government and civilians ofboth inside and outside the territory of Xinjiang Province and domestic and overseas.The anti-terrorism struggle in China presents a basic feature with chronicity,complexity and sharpness.Xinjiang also entered a historical superposition period of three stages,the active stage of terrorist activities,the intense stage of anti-separatism struggle and the painful stage of intervention.Up to now,the special action against violent terrorist activities has had an incredible run of success ever since 2014.The situation of domestic terrorism presents an overall steady and steerable situation,it has just stopped its turn for the worse,and has gradually start its turn for the better in time.However,the "Three Forces" are still sneaking around,changing and adjusting their strategies constantly,and making their activities and tactics more subtle,more insidious.Over the years,the struggle of anti-terrorism has also accumulated a number of major issues,some of which have not been solved for a long time,or have been full filled with controversy or delays in formulating solutions.By reviewing scholarly literature,summing up experience in anti-terrorist practice and consulting with experts,the author believes that the major issues of current anti-terrorist activities are widely distributed in the anti-terrorist concept,anti-terrorism object,anti-terrorist subject and anti-terrorist path,etc..This paper puts forward,analyzes,interprets and countermeasures study for the specific issues of that,in order to facilitate the sound development of the anti-terrorist struggle.This paper is composed of the introduction and five-chapter main body.The introduction explains the significance,research status,research methods and innovations of the paper.The basic standpoint of this paper is to study terrorism from the perspective of Public Security Science,and focusing on the current major issues and countermeasures in the struggle of anti-terrorism,breaking out the traditional fences of Criminal Investigation by introducing the theories and knowledge of Criminology,Ethnology,Management Science,Psychology,Military Science,History and other disciplines actively above and beyond criminal investigation to conduct an interdisciplinary research,and providing a reference for promoting the theoretical development of anti-terrorism and criminal investigation and improving the quality and efficiency of China's anti-terrorism practice.In accordance with the discipline characteristics and research conditions,this paper was going to mainly adopt various research methods,such as literature research,semantic analysis,sociological analysis of law,hermeneutic analysis of law,comparative study,case analysis,data analysis and so on to strive for some instructive innovative research results in the practice of anti-terrorist struggle,such as the development of anti-terrorism concepts,the screening of anti-terrorism objects,the construction of anti-terrorism subject and the determination of anti-terrorism path.The first chapter is an overview of terrorism and anti-terrorism.It said,concept is the logical starting-point of theoretical research.By that,here introduces 3 viewpoints about the existence of the concept of terrorism firstly,the theory of thought,the theory of conduct and the theory of mixture.And the reason why of these 3 above-mentioned divergent ideas is the different interpretations of "doctrine",or "-ism".Second,expounds the characteristics of terrorism,the characteristics of terrorist crime and all the ways of committing terrorism action in detail.Third,this paper interprets anti-terrorism from the perspective of overall field,Public Security Science and Criminal Investigation respectively,expounds the differences of anti-terrorism in the aspects of discipline coverage,subject span,objects adjustment and pursuit purpose under different dimensions,and draws a conclusion that this study should be conducted in the perspective of Public Security Science.Forth,expounds the theoretical basis of anti-terrorism on philosophy,public security,law,ethnology,management and psychology,and fundamental rules of carrying out the anti-terrorism struggle.Fifth,briefly reviews the development history of terrorism in China,states out the current situation of international terrorism action whom involves in China and domestic terrorism situation.Chapter ? puts forward the major issues in the current anti-terrorism struggle in China,includes endless arguments and biased choices for the idea of anti-terrorism;unclear and chaotic sensing of anti-terrorism targets;unclear direction of anti-terrorist construction,and long-term weakening perform duties;and hazy radical measures on anti-terrorism.By sorting out the current concept of guiding anti-terrorism struggle,the author has noticed that there has at least 4 pairs of contradiction,i.e.,defending public safety and protecting civil liberties,prevention in advance and afterwards response,raided and normalized operation,strict confidentiality and proper disclosure.It needs a further study to find out how to take an inner option of these 4 pairs of contradiction,or in another word,how to state out which one would carry the priority.About Scholars' proposals on the object of anti-terrorism in China,there has Terrorism,Nationalism,Ethnic Separatism,Fundamentalism,Religious Extremism,Double Pan-ism and Their Acts and so on,however,whether we need to be fully integrated these doctrines into the category of anti-terrorism still requires careful distinction and scientific treatment.For example,there are many different opinions in fundamentalist circles about whether to oppose it or not,and the text representation of "anti-terrorism" may be easily to conduct misunderstandings that only oppose the idea and make no difficulty on actions.The subject of anti-terrorism is composed of officials and non-officials.Currently,due to the obstruction in anti-terrorism pattern and the problems in the construction of anti-terrorism authorities and public security anti-terrorism departments,the official anti-terrorism subjects are weak in performing their functions.Scholars have given plenty of statements and discussions on how the general public,i.e.,how the non-governmental anti-terrorism subjects participate in anti-terrorism,but the mainstream design still has the defects of being apart from practice.The option of the path to against terrorism radically should be based on the exploration of the causes of violent terrorist activities.We can only actualize effective governance by locating the very core contributing factor.At present,there are so many varied relevant researches with various interpretations that led the path of anti-terrorism to be blurred directly,include the theory of religious extremism erosion,the theory of terrorism erosion,the theory of identity weakening,the theory of economic backwardness,and even the theory of clash of civilizations.Chapter ? is the analysis of the major issues about China's current anti-terrorism.About the concept of anti-terrorism.On the basis of scientific evaluation,this paper fully affirms the achievements of the current anti-terrorism work under the guidance of four groups opposing concepts,and reflects on them one by one with critical thinking,and sums up the experience and lessons from both positive and negative aspects.About the object of anti-terrorism.This paper analyzes on doctrine and behavior,nationalism and national separatism,and fundamentalism and religious extremism,restores their true connotations,and lays a foundation for further clarifying the scope of anti-terrorism objects.About the subject of anti-terrorism.This paper systematically and thoroughly expounds the reasons for the problems existing in the official anti-terrorism subject by comprehensively using the relevant theories of Law,Politics,Management and Psychology as analytical tools,meanwhile,puts forward the defects about vague qualitative and value pursuit,suggesting"terror" atmosphere,and inducing inter-ethnic prejudice in the mainstream design of anti-terrorism among the whole people in academic circles.About the path of anti-terrorism radically.With the criminal interpretation theory of criminology as the research tool,this paper analyzes the causes of the emergence and development of terrorism in China from 3 dimensions,politics,economy and society,and draws the conclusion that identity weakening is the source of terrorism in China,and that the core idea of our anti-terrorism struggle is to crack down on separation of nationalities and identity strengthening.Chapter ? is the introduction of anti-terrorism experience abroad.First,here the author introduces the research and practice results of the world's major powers on the concept and subject of anti-terrorism,including the United States,Russia,Britain,Germany and France,etc..This paper analyzes and summarizes the positive and negative experiences and lessons we learned from them,and extracts the contents which can be used for reference in China's anti-terrorism struggle,including striking hard but not superstitious in violence,giving consideration to security and freedom,taking care of religious and ethnic relations,integrating forces to strengthen the main bodies of anti-terrorism,adhering to the concept of intelligence-oriented anti-terrorism work,and mobilizing the public.Participation in counter-terrorism,etc..Second,based on the reality that China is facing the danger of ethnic separatist terrorism,this paper reviews the history of the United Kingdom and Sri Lanka,which have the same mission to fight against ethnic separatist terrorism,to fight against terrorism and to curb national separatist forces.Combining the 2 countries' anti-terrorism paths of "Peace Talks-Compromise" and"Strike-Extermination" and the measures adopted thereon,and their positive and negative experiences,this paper points out that anti-terrorism is a war that China must win,and puts forward some points that can be used for reference in cracking down ethnic separatist terrorism in China,including pay attention to legal sanctions and military strikes,prepare for a long-term struggle,foster patriotic and pro-Chinese forces,and initiate negotiations and never compromise or concession and so on.Chapter ? is the countermeasures and suggestions for the current major issues.About the concept of anti-terrorism.This paper puts forward some concrete measures to eliminate the dual opposition situation between public security maintenance and civil liberty protection,and some suggestions and concrete operation modes,such as giving consideration to both prevention in advance and afterwards response,normalizing anti-terrorism as the main and the assault operation as subsidiary,and offering moderately open under strict confidentiality,etc.,widely covers a range of anti-terrorism intelligence,anti-terrorism investigation,anti-terrorism emergency response,anti-terrorism prevention and other fields.About the object of anti-terrorism.Here in this part,the author emphasizes that both anti-terrorism and anti-terrorism action should be combated at the same time,and puts forward suggestions on strengthening the combating of terrorism crime from the aspects of intelligence and investigation;and puts forward the viewpoint that nationalism should be brought into the category of anti-terrorism object to a limited extent so as to keep it at a low profile all the time,while its function of social cohesion should be replaced by patriotism;he also puts forward the idea of rejecting non-radical fundamentalism and the emphasis of anti-religious extremism and its behavior,i.e.,carrying out the work of de-extremization systematically and doing well in ethnic universities' resistance to "double pan" infiltration.About the subject of anti-terrorism.Here in this part,the author gives suggestions on how to improve the operation of anti-terrorism pattern,how to regular the leading group of anti-terrorism work and how to enhance their ability to perform duties;gives proposals for reform and design to constructing and partitioning of powers or authority of office by retaining special anti-terrorism departments of public security organs at or above the provincial level,and revoking special organs and merging those at or below the provincial level into police command departments;proposals for improving and regulating the idea of non-governmental anti-terrorism subjects participate in anti-terrorism,including establishing the principles for the implementation of universal anti-terrorism,establishing the concept of "subject in anti-terrorism",and establishing and regulating the classification system of universal anti-terrorism,which has a strong instructive meaning for practice,including the basic characteristics,scope of application,participants and subjects,entry conditions and the right to make suggestions,the right to make decisions,approval authority,enforcement right and other relevant rights and so on.About the path of anti-terrorism radically.Based on the idea of identity strengthening and foregoing explanation of the essence of nationalism,here in this part,the author points out that containment of nationalism is the path of anti-terrorism radically in China.Afterwards,2 suggestions are put forward as complement,i.e.,to develop the Islamic "Ummah" system and to improve the methods of de-extremization,on the basis of introducing the methods of representational foreign scholars on curbing nationalism and the research achievements of domestic scholars,and the Central Committee's design on strengthening national unity and curbing ethnic division. |
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