| As a socialist country and like other socialist countries,Vietnam implements the People's Representation System as the organizational form of political power,and the National Assembly is the highest representative organ of the Vietnamese people,and has constitutional legislative power,the power to decide on important state affairs and the supreme power to supervise all state activities.Among them,the constitutional legislative power and the supreme decision-making power are mainly exercised in its plenary meetings,the supreme supervision power is the most important power that the national assembly exercises during its plenary sessions and recesses,Which provides a solid guarantee for the effective exercise of the other two functions of National Assembly.Affected by Vietnam's economic and political reform,the social transformation,the change of mainstream political culture and the "Third Wave"world democratization,Vietnam has initiated and accelerated the pace of the supervision system reform of National Assembly since 1986.With the deepening of reform and opening up,the supervision system reform of the National Assembly has gradually become an important part of Vietnamese National Assembly reform and the democratic construction in Vietnam.As a socialist country,Paying attention to the historical context and current situation of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National assembly,Exploring the theoretical exploration and practical measures of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly,Summarizing the main enlightenments of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly are of great theoretical and practical significance for exploring the general law of the supervision system reform of the representative organs of the socialist countries.Taking the relevant concepts of the supervision system of the state representative organs and the supervision system of the Vietnamese National Assembly as the research point and according to the idea of background--theoretical and practical analysis--enlightenment,This essay studies the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly from the perspective of historical evolution and institutional analysis.Chapter One mainly summarizes the related concepts and historical investigations of the supervision system of the Vietnamese National Assembly,analyzes the concepts and connotation of the state representative organ,the supervision of the state representative organ and the supervision system of the state representative organ,expounds the specific outline of the Vietnamese National Assembly,summarizes the unique connotation of the supervision of the Vietnamese National Assembly and the supervision system of the Vietnamese National Assembly,analyzes the main body and content of the supervision of the Vietnamese National Assembly,the main mechanisms and procedures of supervision,examines the basic situation of the supervision system of the Vietnamese National Assembly before Doi Moi,so as to lay the foundation for the later chapters.Chapter Two mainly analyses the economic,political,social,cultural and international factors that promote the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly,and reviews the supervision system reform process of the Vietnamese National Assembly since Doi Moi in 1986.In short,This Chapter comprehensively analyzes the ins and outs of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly.Chapter Three analyzes the theoretical origin,ideas and principles of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly,sorts out the representative organ supervision ideas of Marx and Engels and Lenin,and briefly expounds the related supervision theory of the representative organs in Western countries,and according to the Vietnamese constitution,relevant laws and regulations on supervision of the Vietnamese National Assembly,official documents of the Vietnamese National Assembly and the speeches of Vietnamese leaders on the supervision activities of the Vietnamese National Assembly,This chapter summarizes the ideas,principles,objectives,and directions of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly from the perspective of textual analysis.Chapter Four analyzes the practical measures of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly from the aspects of perfecting the organizational system of the National Assembly supervision,perfecting the annual supervision program of the National Assembly,optimizing the supervision system and mechanism of the National Assembly,and improving the political ecology of the National Assembly' supervision.In short,This Chapter comprehensively understands and grasps the true face of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly.On the basis of summarizing the achievements and existing problems in the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly,starting from the general supervision principles of the socialist countries' representative organs and combining the characteristics of socialist countries,Chapter Five summarizes the main enlightenments of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly and ponders on the regularity of the supervision system reform of the representative organs in contemporary socialist countries,which is also the foothold of the full text.Based on the above five chapters,this essay mainly expounds and demonstrates the following views:1.The supervision system reform of the state representative organs is the result of the interaction of various complex factors at home and abroad.According to Marxist theory,things are universally connected,and completely independent things do not exist,the mutual influence,mutual restraint and interaction between things promote the movement,change and development of things.The political democratization reform of a country is not only influenced by the level of its economic and social development,but also related to its political culture and the democratic literacy of its people,and also affected by the international environment that the country faces.In short,it is the result of.the combined effect of various complex factors at home and abroad.In practice,as an important part of Vietnam's political democratization reform,the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly is the result of the comprehensive effect of various "domestic demand and external pressure".Specifically,the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly is not only the internal need to change the situation that Vietnamese National Assembly did not really play its due role of supervision due to the influence of war and highly centralized political system before Doi Moi in 1986,but also the objective need and realistic choice to develop socialist market economy,democratic politics,"civil society" and humanistic modern culture and integrate into the international community.2.the supervision system reform of the state representative organs must adhere to the Party's leadership and socialist orientation.In socialist countries,the political democratization reform including the supervision system reform of the state representative organs must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party,be guided by relevant Marxist theory and take socialism as its orientation;Only in this way can we ensure the success of political democratization reform.In the process of reforming the supervision system of the National Assembly,Vietnam insists on proceeding from its own national conditions,being guided by the basic ideas of Marx,Engels and Lenin on the supervision of the representative organs of the dictatorship of the proletariat,upholds and strengthens the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam over the supervision activities of the National Assembly,adheres to the"social orientation",takes the socialist legal state which belongs to the people,from the people,for the people and is under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam as the goal.Within the framework of the socialist democratic system,Vietnam has chosen a road to reform the supervision system of the National Assembly that not only adheres to the socialist orientation,but also has its own characteristics and style.3.The supervision system reform of state representative organs is a systematic and three-dimensional project.In socialist countries,on the one hand,the supervision system of state representative organs is an important part of the supervision system of state power,and its reform should deal with the relationships between the supervision of state representative organ and other forms of supervision,such as the inner-party supervision of the Vietnamese Communist Party,the administrative supervision of the Government,the judicial supervision and the social supervision,etc.On the other hand,the supervision system reform of state representative organs involves various aspects,such as the organizational structure of state representative organs,the supervision mechanism of state representative organs,the concrete supervision program of state representative organs and so on.We should also deal with the relationships among all the organizations of state representative organ and among all the various supervision mechanisms.In practice,in order to improve the overall effectof the National Assembly supervision and realize the overall optimization and coordination of the supervision system reform of the National Assembly.On the one hand,Vietnam strives to strengthen the organic unity and coordination between the supervision of the National Assembly and the supervision of local People's Councils,inner-party supervision of the Communist Party of Vietnam,administrative supervision and social supervision;On the other hand,Vietnam increases the coordination and cooperation among the Standing Committee of the National Assembly,the Nationality Council and the Committees of the National Assembly,the associations of National Assembly deputies,the National Assembly deputies in the implementation of supervision activities,enhances the coordination and cooperation among the supervision mechanisms,such as the the interpellation mechanism,examining working report mechanism,specialized supervision mechanism,the polling mechanism,confidence vote mechanism.4.The supervision system is an important manifestation of the standardization and proceduralization of the supervision activities of the state representative organs,and an important guarantee for improving the supervision effect of the state representative organs.In political practice,the political system plays an important role in maintaining political order and regulating political behavior with its characteristics of fundamentality,stability and authority.In socialist countries,as the state power organs with constitutional legislative power,the state representative organs are important carriers and centralized manifestation of the national democratic system,the development and improvement of the supervision system of the state representative organs play an important role in improving and perfecting other political systems.In the process of reforming the parliamentary system,Vietnam has continuously improved the organizational system of the National Assembly supervision,constantly improved the annual supervision program of the National Assembly,constantly formulated and improved the laws and regulations related to the supervision of the National Assembly,such as the "Law on organization of the National Assembly" "Law on election of deputies to the National Assembly" "Law on supervisory activities of the National Assembly" "Resolution on the poll or vote of confidence for persons holding positions elected or ratified by the National Assembly or People's Councils",continuously optimized the interpellation mechanism,examining working report mechanism,specialized supervision mechanism,the polling mechanism,confidence vote mechanism,supervising handling the citizen complaints and complaint mechanism,etc.The institutionalization level of the National Assembly supervision has been significantly improved,which provides a solid guarantee and institutional support for the effective implementation of the supervision activities of the National Assembly.5.The essence and core of socialist democracy is that "the people are the masters".In socialist countries,the state representative organs are the representative organs of the people,which exercise the state power on behalf of the people and are composed of representatives elected by the voters through fair and equal elections.Therefore,the state representative organs are important forms and vehicles of people exercising their rights to be masters of the country.In the performance of their duties,The state representative organs should ensure that the people are the masters of the country and avoid the tremendous tension between state power and social rights,which cannot be eliminated and makes the state representative organs face a crisis of legitimacy.In the process of implementing supervision activities,the state representative organs should ensure the participation of the public in their supervision activities.In the process of reforming the supervision system,the state representative organs should take the protection of the people's dominant position as the logical starting point and foothold.In the process of reforming the supervision system of the National Assembly,Vietnam regards building the National Assembly that "belongs to the people,from the people,for the people" as an important principle and goal,adheres to the "people-oriented" thinking,increases the openness and transparency of the supervision activities of the National Assembly,and continuously enhances the participation of the people,news medias,various socio-political organizations and economic organizations in the supervision activities of National Assembly.Overall,the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly is the Political choice of great strategic significance Vietnam has made,which is based on grasping the trend of economic globalization and informatization as well as world political democratization reform,summarizing the profound experience and lessons of the supervision system reform of representative organs in Soviet Union and Eastern Europe socialist countries,the realistic needs of developing Vietnamese economy and society,protecting the position of the Vietnamese people as masters of the country.What is worthy of recognition is that the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly has greatly improved the effectiveness of the supervision activities of the Vietnamese National Assembly,has made the supervision of the Vietnamese National Assembly being the "high point" of state power supervision and a "sword" to prevent and punish the corruptions of state organs and public officials and made the Vietnamese National Assembly gradually getting rid of the images of "rubber stamp"and "vase,".Meanwhile,In the process of s'upervision system reform,the Vietnamese National Assembly has to face and solve some important and realistic problems,such as how to deal with the relationships between the National Assembly and the Cmmunist Party of Vietnam so as to make the supervisory activities of the National Assembly get rid of the obstruction of some cadres of the communist party of Vietnam,how to expand the participation of social subjects,such as the people,various socio-political organizations and social organizations in the supervision activities of the National Assembly,how to eliminate the "blind area of supervision"that the National Assembly is still unable to supervise some heads of the Government Departments,how to improve the "post-supervision" mechanism of the National Assembly and so on.The main enlightments of the supervision system reform of the Vietnamese National Assembly show that the supervision system reform of representative organs in socialist countries is a broad and profound political change,which requires the socialist countries to proceed from their respective basic national conditions,strengthen the top-level design,and carry out overall planning from a strategic perspective,and continue to advance in a gradual and orderly manner.Only in this way can the supervision system reform of representative organs in socialist countries be firmly and go far. |
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