A Study On Simafa

Simafa is an important military book in the pre-Qin period of China.Its main contents include the political and military statute of the Zhou Dynasty,the words of Sima Rangju and the thoughts of the scholars in Qi State during the Warring States period.There are also has editing trace by scholars in Han dynasty.Through the study of Simafa,we can further deepen our understanding of the pre-Qin military thought,military system,war form,formative process of classical books,the relationship between the pre-Qin "private-study" and "official-study",and the military culture of Qi State.This thesis takes the military book Simafa as the research object,and discusses it from three aspects: philology,military system and military thought.The all text is divided into two parts,the first part and the second part.The first part(the first chapter to the third chapter)is mainly based on philological discussion,and the second part(the latter two chapters)is mainly composed of military system and military thoughts.Chapter one covers textual research of the title and pseudograph.The first task of this chapter is sorting out the various titles related to the Simafa in the classical books,and considers the The Ancient Military Records and The Ancient Simafa and Sima Rangju’s Warcraft in the Historical Records,has represented the three different formative stages of the book Simafa,and Simafa is the abbreviation of Sima Rangju’s Warcraft in the Western Han Dynasty.Although the name has slightly different after The History of Han Dynasty,it can be regarded as the military book Simafa.The next,this chapter discusses the authenticity of the Simafa.It is believed that the current version of Simafa is not a pseudograph,but a incomplete copy of the Simafa in the Han Dynasty.Chapter two includes three problems of Simafa that is the writing process,the author and the spreading process.With regard to the writing process of Simafa,this paper mainly based on the clues in "Historical Records",combined with the context of "official scholars move down",and believes that the writing process of Simafa could be divided into three stages.The first stage is the former Simafa stage,refers to the official military and political archives of the Zhou Dynasty;the second stage is The Ancient Simafa stage,which was written as a book first time.But it had be diverged soon;the Simafa is finalization stage,it compiled by the scholars of the King Wei of Qi State in the Warring States.Regarding the author,this paper believes that due to the complicated process of writing the Simafa,its early spreading process is also a book-writing process.Therefore,there are different authors in different stages of writing.The spreading process,this paper believes that the Simafa has undergone a large number of losing processes during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.After the Tang Dynasty,the length of the book became stable.In the Song Dynasty,it was included in the Seven Military Classics.Contemporary version of Simafa is based on edition printed in the Song dynasty.In chapter three,we discuss lost articles of Simafa briefly.First of all,we give an overview about the lost articles.Secondly,we analysis the man-made factors in losing process.Finally,we find the reason that why the lost articles had been misquoted.It is believed that it cannot be said that the same content as the Sun Tzu’s Art of War is caused by "misquote",and there are a possibility that Simafa and Sun Tzu’s Art of War had would been wrote in the same words,before the Tang Dynasty.In chapter four,we discuss the military system of Simafa,which named "Da Shi" system and "Da Jun" system and "Da Tian" system,including the army building,the combat system,the military training system.In the "Da Shi" system section,we talked about the army building system,chariot formation,and the military system in three different stages through the war.In the section of "Da Jun" system,this article focuses on the two military corvee system in the Simafa.It is believed that these two types of military corvee system are based on the "the square-fields system".In the "Da Tian" system section,this article combines Zhou Li to discuss the system of "seasonshunting" system.In chapter five,we focus on military thought about Simafa,including the views of war,the "warfare educating" and the simple dialectics thought in Simafa.In the part of the war views,we proof the purpose of the war in the Simafa is a punishingaction for "unmorality and injustice";the "benevolence" in the Simafa is the political requirement in the country level and the moral requirement for the individual;the "careful warfare" thinking is embodied in neither ignoring war nor easy to fighting.The idea of "warfare educating" is embodied in the fact that on the one hand,it is necessary to teach the people to "righteousness",on the other hand,to teach the people to "battle array preparing ".The simple dialectical thought is mainly embodied in the concept of simple unity of opposites.The thought of "balance between light-heavy" is particularly prominent.