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Research On Generational Differences Of Popular Conceptions About Justice And The Influential Factor In Contemporary China

Posted on:2020-07-11Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:R JiaFull Text:PDF
GTID:1366330575980945Subject:Public Governance and Public Policy
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Promoting the sustainable development of social justice requires not only understanding the state of social justice,but also grasping popular conceptions about justice.The concept of justice refers to the potential basis and value premise of popular making judgments.Its core is the principle of justice followed by the specific actions of popular in different situations.The distribution of popular conceptions about justice is not a single peak,but a multi-peak.The current studies focus on the synchronic differences of popular conceptions about justice,such as the differences of conceptions about justice among the different classes of popular.However,few studies focus on its diachronic differences,that is the differences of conceptions about justice among the different generations of popular.Generational replacement makes human civilization continue.The rate of social progress depends on the rate of generational replacement.Significant generational differences are the representation of dramatic social changes.China is transforming from the traditional society to the modern society,the generational differences of popular conceptions about justice are significant,reflected in major public events about age groups that sparked popular discussion.This challenges the formulation and implementation of public policies."Without long-term strategy,short-term achievement is impossible.Without full-scale consideration,simple action is impracticable".If we do not study the conceptions about justice in the generational evolution,promoting the sustainable development of social justice is impracticable.So this study will focus on a descriptive question and an interpretative question to analyze generational differences of popular conceptions about justice in contemporary China.In the past,the research on popular conceptions about justice had shortcomings,for example,the research content was single,the research path was unknown,and the research method was inadequate.This research attempts to improve these shortcomings.The descriptive questions refer to “Does the generational differences of popular conceptions about justice exist?” and “What are generational differences of popular conceptions about justice in contemporary China?”.First of all,this study establishes the evaluation system of justice concept,which turned justice concept into justice subject preference,justice object preference,justice principle preference and justice comparison object selection preference,the four analytical dimensions respectively respond to Chinese believes that the society should be " who is distributed,what is distributed,how to distribute,and compare with whom".Combined with realistic predicament of society and the daily situation of popular,popular conceptions about justice are measured by questionnaires.Secondly,based on the 2017 national questionnaire data,the Chinese popular was divided into six age groups born before the 1949,50 s,60s,70 s,80s,and 90 s.Through the chi-square test and cross-list analysis of age and justice concepts,this study has obtained the the distribution of generational differences of popular conceptions about justice in contemporary China.Finally,life,death and generational replacement are irreversible laws of natural and social development.The young will replace the old,it will become the main force of social development and control public opinion.The dominant justice concept in Chinese society will also change.So this study speculates the evolutionary trend of popular conceptions about justice by observing the its generational differences in contemporary China.The research results of generational differences of popular conceptions about justice show that with the generational evolution,Chinese will rely on private remedies,give priority to the maintenance of rights,seek equal distribution,prefer parallel comparison.Specifically,the evolutionary trend of the popular justice subject preference is “the popular will rely on traditional private remedies such as friends and family”;the evolutionary trend of the popular justice object preference is “the popular will give priority to the maintenance of rights,taking into account the interests of the public,have more rules awareness and pay more attention to formal justice”;the evolutionary trend of justice principle preference is “the popular will recognize deserving as the principle of socially dominant distribution,seek equal distribution to narrow the social gap and eliminate class solidification”;the evolutionary trend of justice comparison object selection preference is “horizontal comparison and reflexive comparison coexistence,in the horizontal comparison,it tends to compare the income with the desired,and in the reflexive comparison,it prefers to compare with similar ”.In other words,the Chinese does not fully follow the development path of capitalist countries that they will rely more and more on modern remedies.Instead,they will pay more attention to genetic connection and social relations.The Chinese will hold more stable concept of rights and rights activism will increase and be widely recognized.In order to guarantee equal opportunities and fair procedure,they will hold the stronger desire to equalize the distribution of basic social resources such as educational resources and social security.Social mentality will tend to be rational and stable,they will judge the social justice and promote self-improvement by comparing with the similar and paying attention to whether the income can meet the needs.The above predictions are based on the stable social development environment.The interpretative questions refer to “What factors influence generational differences of popular conceptions about justice in contemporary China?”.Firstly,based on public life course,social structure,social psychology and other theories,this study constructs the theoretical framework “national system--social status--family structure”,and proposes a series of research hypotheses that influence generational differences of popular conceptions about justice in contemporary China.Secondly,this study establishes quantitative analysis models,with the generational differences of popular conceptions about justice as the dependent variable,with the national system,social status and family structure as independent variables,and then operate upon the variables based the 2017 national survey data.Finally,using quantitative analysis methods such as regression analysis and correlation analysis,this study verifies the research hypothesis.Combined with materials of semi-structured interviews,the quantitative analysis results are further interpreted.This study summarizes the policy implications of generational differences of popular conceptions about justice by analyzing the influential factors.The research results of the influential factors show that at the macro level,institutional changes conform to the evolution of historical laws.The reform and opening up has cultivated the rational consciousness and legal consciousness of the young.The market economy has reshaped the Chinese recognition of deserve principle,but the social gap has led the young to seek equal distribution of basic resources such as educational resources.The establishment of the social security system has enhanced the trust of the young in the government,which can weaken the young's dependence on family and friends.At the meso level,the changes of social status are the choices of public policies.Different generations are influenced by these changes to hold different conceptions about justice.The education policies that the popularization of basic education and the enrollment of higher education have made the education level of the young generally higher than the old in China,the education can nurture the legal awareness and capacity of the young.Various economic policies that promote the growth of national wealth,so that the annual income of urban and rural residents increases year by year.The younger can avoid material deprivation and enhance the sense of economic security,so they will pay more attention to non-materialistic values such as rights.Policies of promoting urban development and rural construction have continuously improved the urbanization level of work and life,including TV network and standardized organizational structure,which can obviously enhance the modernity of conceptions about justice of the younger.At the micro level,the changes of family structure have more fundamental impact on life.Ageing and the low birth rate have transformed China's family structure from the traditional “big family” to the modern “nuclear family”.The changes of family structure bred the increasingly equal relationship between parent and children,or husband and wife,thus strengthening right awareness of the young.The cultivation of autonomy and individual subjectivity provide psychological foundation for application of desert principle.The growing pension burden and parenting pressure can increase the dependence of the young on government.This study analyzes the evolutionary trend of popular conceptions about justice and its influencing factors in contemporary China taking its generational differences as the analytical perspective.It traces the dramatic changes in China since the founding of the PRC.Research findings show that the Chinese conceptions about justice follows the law of social development,that is,from traditional society to modern society,such as Chinese give priority to the maintenance of right,recognize the principle of desert,etc.At the same time,social changes have led to the uniqueness of conceptions about justice,such as seeking equal distribution,relying on private relationship and preferring parallel comparison,these are influenced by Chinese history,culture,life experience and practical wisdom.Understanding generational differences of popular conceptions about justice can help public policies to respond to the public's demand,make differentiated policy arrangements,provide reference for institutional evolution and policy changes,and find the optimal path to achieve distributional justice,leading to a better public life.
Keywords/Search Tags:Popular Conceptions about Justice, Generational differences, Evolution trend, Influential factor
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