Study On The Occurrence Logic And Governance Mechanism Of Illegal Construction In Urban Villages

With the rapid development of urbanization in China,the value of land resources and housing resources in urban villages are constantly increasing.The imbalance of the coordination and allocation of the two resources leads to frequent conflicts of interest.As the main manifestation form of conflicts of interest,illegal construction in urban villages has become a major problem affecting social stability and development.Under the background of the development of real estate market and urbanization,the change of farmers‘ family economic income structure and the change of social mentality,farmers,village cadres and other interest subjects participate in the heated competition for land and housing resources,and the conflicts of interest become increasingly fierce.Therefore,the illegal construction of urban villages has been increasingly serious,and become a difficult problem of urban management.This study takes illegal construction in urban villages as the research subject.Based on new institutional economics theory,game theory and governance theory,it systematically explores the logic of illegal construction behaviors and governance mechanism from the three interconnected dimensions of system supply,interest game,and government governance,following the causal chains of ―logic of genesis-dilemma analysis-governance mechanism‖ and the ―theoretical deduction-empirical test-mechanism optimization‖ approach.Based on the above ideas and the field work in H city of hubei province,through the in-depth analysis of interview,observation questionnaire survey and data,the main research conclusions of this study include:(1)This paper proposes an analytical framework for the occurrence and governance of illegal construction in urban villages from the perspective of institutional supply,interest game and government governance,and from the institutional integration perspective that combines the evolution of the overall social structure and the evolution of individual characteristics structure.Since the reform and opening up,great changes have taken place in China‘s political,economic and social fields.In the period of social transition,the pattern of interest distribution is constantly adjusted,resulting in frequent conflicts of interest.Illegal construction in urban villages has become an important form of contradiction in the allocation of land and housing resources,and a complex interest game structure has been formed in its occurrence and governance.Following the research logic of theoretical analysis and empirical examination,and on the basis of in-depth analysis of the interconnected influencing factors of illegal construction,the optimal path of governance mechanism can be constructed.(2)Using the relevant theories of new institutional economics and game theory,the occurrence logic of illegal construction in urban villages can be explained from the diachronic and synchronic dimensions and an empirical examination on a self-consistent theory of occurence can be conducted.The analysis and verification of the occurrence logic of illegal construction in urban villages is a systematic process.Diachronic and synchronic dimensions can not only promote the historical depth of the exploration of the occurrence logic of illegal construction in urban villages,but also further expand the breadth of the association of realistic dynamic factors.The diachronic dimension reveals the historical evolution context and rules of illegal construction in urban villages,and the synchronic dimension,based on the current situation,further explains the linkage logic of relevant influencing factors in the current space-time context of illegal construction.Theoretical and empirical analysis shows that the diachronic logic of illegal construction in urban villages can be divided into three historical stages: the basic survival stage;the development stage for profit;and the stage of following the crowd to show off,which is gradually manifested as the housing demand-type illegal construction,the economy-driven illegal construction and the herding and show-off-type illegal construction.From the perspective of synchronicity,three types of illegal construction coexist in the present stage,which are all affected by institutional constraints,individual strategies,government failure and governance dilemma.Stakeholders of the illegal construction phenomenon in urban villages mainly include farmers,village cadres and local governments.Farmers and village cadres are the participating subjects of illegal construction,and local governments are the subjects of governance.They have different behavioral characteristics.Farmers and village cadres,as participants,are characterized by limited rationality,incomplete information and opportunism.Local government represents the will of the national executive authority,and its behavior features include mandatory but also service-oriented,public and non-profit,as well as incomplete information and limited rationality.(3)The occurrence and spread of illegal construction in urban villages are affected by the diffusion effect.By analyzing the diffusion mode and the diffusion stage,the diffusion mechanism is summarized and the diffusion effect is revealed.From the perspective of time and space,there are three modes of illegal construction diffusion in urban villages: radiation diffusion;point-line-surface diffusion;and diffusion in the pattern of differential orders.The diffusion is manifested in four historical stages: initial emergence,spreading,―blowout‖ and slow growth.(4)By summarizing the illegal construction governance mechanism in the grassroots management practice,it found that due to the failure of the existing governance mechanism,the dilemma of governance was formed.Under the institutional environment of formal system and informal system,local governments choose three policy tools,namely specific governance,grid management and multiple linkage supervision,which show the characteristics of stage,recurrence and dynamics in the process of governance.The existing governance mechanism is unable to completely prevent the occurrence of illegal construction,resulting in the governance of illegal construction in urban villages into a dilemma,the causes of which include the improper policy of illegal construction governance,the weakening of government governance ability,and the alienation of law enforcement personnel behavior.(5)In view of the delemma of illegal construction governance,with the tool of governance theory,the optimization path of urban village illegal construction governance mechanism can be constructed from the way of optimization thinking design and specific path selection.To build a better governance mechanism for illegal construction,it is necessary to guide the chimerism design from the macro dimension and micro path.The macro dimension includes strengthening the top-level design and promoting the integration of mechanism;microcosmic path includes building multivariate linkage system of law enforcement,reallocating the benefits through reasonable divison and strengthening the incentive and constraint for law enforcers.In general,the optimization idea is embodied in three aspects: system construction,interest coordination and governance innovation.The specific optimization paths are:(a)build a coordinated urban-rural development mechanism,and improve the land property rights and reserve system;(b)establish a mechanism for sharing the right to land development and improve the housing security system for farmers;(c)establish the public participation mechanism of urban-rural planning,and construct a public co-governance model for illegal construction;(d)strengthen the coordination ability of government departments and build a standardized network law enforcement system;(e)choose reasonable policy tools of governance and establish a regular supervision mechanism for illegal construction.