Research On Social Security Of Floating Population In China

The paper is about the social security issues and empirical research of floating population.At present,the population of China's floating population is nearly 300 million.This group has a relatively low rate of social security participation.Even if it is faced with certain social security services,it lacks basic social security services and has attracted the attention of some scholars.The main reason for such problems is that,because most of the social security systems are linked to the household registration system,the social security participation rate of such groups is low.Second,although some floating populations have social security,they are in different places.Or there is no local hukou,still facing the dilemma of not being able to retire to receive pension insurance,medical expenses can not be reimbursed;third,because the social insurance threshold for urban workers is relatively high,some migrants are not willing to participate.Therefore,what is the current situation of social security participation of the floating population,and to what extent does social security affect the mobility decision-making of the floating population? Does the current measures taken by some regions in order to solve the social security problem have achieved the desired results? Under the existing conditions,the social security issue of floating population is solved,and the design of relevant policy framework has great theoretical and practical value.Main Contents:(1)The thesis makes a systematic analysis of the floating population and social security problems and the current situation.China's social security system experienced the early period of the unit led to the government and the unit Shared responsibility,and then to the modern state social security system to establish and improve the process.In view of the floating population security system has also experienced the process of continuous improvement of the system,gradual expansion of the security scope,and mode exploration.After years of reform,but with the existing social security.There are still some difficulties and problems,including the "fragmentation" of the system,the excessive proportion of contributions,the decline in replacement rate and the inadaptability caused by demographic changes.(2)The influence of social security on floating population is analyzed theoretically and empirically.Based on the perspective of free flow of factors and optimization of allocation of factors,the economic impact of social security of floating population is analyzed.Based on the "push and pull" theory,this paper considers the tradeoff between two different aspects that affect the decision of floating population,and constructs the decision-making model of floating population.In the empirical aspect,the Logit selection model and PSM tendency matching model were constructed,and the microcosmic survey data of Chinese labor force dynamics(CLDS)was used to analyze the influence of the floating population decision in different regions.(3)The thesis made a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign social security reform and development experience.This paper compares and analyzes some measures taken by some Chinese provinces to solve the social security problems of floating population,and sorts out the experience of social security reform in other countries,including Chile,Britain,the United States,Japan and Italy.(4)Put forward some policy Suggestions for the reform of social security of floating population.Main Conclusions:(1)In addition,the current situation of insurance and social security for the floating population is worrying.In the future,there will also be greater employment pressure.It can be seen from the data analysis that China's current floating population still has a low participation rate and a low level of social security.And it faces smart factories,replacing human labor with machines.The aging age structure of floating population and other problems.(2)From empirical results,we can see that the impact of social security on the floating population is to curb population mobility.The floating population pays more attention to income,job opportunities and working hours,whether there are fixed workplace and other factors,and the main purpose of outward migration is to earn higher income,while less attention is paid to individual health,family and other factors.From the perspective of family pull back effect,it is not significant.From a regional perspective,the floating population in central and western regions pays more attention to social security,mainly because the threshold of social security in these regions is relatively low compared with that in eastern regions.Moreover,many floating populations choose to migrate to this province,so they can get corresponding social security services.(3)In view of various social security models,there is still no basis to solve the social security problems of the floating population.The payment proportion of "guangdong model" is also relatively high,and the floating population's willingness to participate in insurance is not strong enough;The "Shanghai and chengdu model" is completely divorced from the function of social security,and should only be a supplement to the social security system.The "central model" in Beijing is still hard to satisfy the basic social security system for some flexible workers.In addition,before "city and countryside is balanced" mode,the burden to the enterprise is heavier.According to the experience of social security reform in other countries,in the face of the pressure of population aging,delaying retirement,lowering the payment standard of pension and unemployment insurance and reducing the medical cost have become the measures taken by all countries.Policy recommendations of the study:(1)China needs to build a future-oriented social security system from the perspective of sustainable development.The direction of the social security reform,is the basis of the social security system to achieve a wider coverage of services,mainly by the state shall provide,known as "first pillar",this kind of basic social security level is unfavorable and exorbitant,but coverage to achieve universal coverage,mainly should be provided by the central government shall,and gradually reduce the gap between urban and rural areas.The "second pillar" of the social security system,we need to fully consider the differences between provinces.(2)Government should provide basic social security services to the floating population at a lower social security level under a unified social security system.To solve the problem of social security for floating population,the central government needs to consider it from the top design level,and take into full account the problem of rebalancing among regions,to reduce the social security burden of the central and western governments after the return of floating population.(3)Addressing the issue of social security for the floating population requires attention to regional rebalancing.It is emphasized that the eastern coastal areas need to bear the corresponding responsibility of social security while enjoying the demographic dividend.At present,the central and western regions of China,especially some border areas and remote areas,have poor development conditions due to the restrictions of natural conditions.Therefore,it is necessary to give full play to the role of transfer payment by the central government.(4)To solve the problem of social security needs to start with the decision motive and consider fully the floating population's willingness to participate in the insurance.Some places pay too much for migrant workers to sign up for insurance,while other local governments are reluctant to pay for basic security for migrant workers.From an empirical perspective,only the internal regional economic development level,income increase is the real back effect,and the current "push-pull theory" of the empirical results,the eastern region is not reduced in the attraction of the floating population,the future economic development of the central and western regions will be confronted with tougher pressure of human capital.