An Analysis Of Marx's View Of Justice From The Perspective Of Human Liberation

In the long history of human thought,countless philosophers have made theoretical thinking and practical attempts on justice.Until today,the issue of justice is still a topic of never-ending debate in the academic circles at home and abroad.Although Marx did not specifically explore the connotation of the concept of justice itself,Marx's concept of justice shows the organic unity of a series of value judgments and factual judgments,which almost pervades Marx's early and late main writings.Marx's concept of justice has rich ideological sources.He criticizes and inherits the concept of justice of ancient Greek philosophy,German classical philosophy,classical political economy and utopian socialism.Unlike the predecessors,Marx believed that justice was a historical category.Under different conditions,such as different regions,different times,different productivity levels and different modes of production,different views of justice would be formed.That is to say,the concept and connotation of justice are always changing,and are greatly influenced by the development of productive forces.Therefore,Marx believed that whether justice was consistent with the development direction of the mode of production,and formed Marx's view of justice based on historical materialism.Marx believes that the fundamental justice of human beings is the free and all-round development of human beings,which needs and can only be realized in communism.Justice,as a value concept,is the historical product of the development of productivity to a certain level and stage.The object of criticism of Marx's view of justice is the capitalist social system.The justice pursued by Marx is one of the ideals of human society.It is to eliminate unjust social phenomena such as "exploitation","plunder" and "theft" on the basis of the high development of productive forces.Its ultimate goal is human liberation.Therefore,Marx's thought contains concrete and historical justice principles and concepts,which are the organic unity of rational and value scales.The formation of Marx's outlook on justice can be divided into three stages: the first stage is the embryonic stage of Marx's outlook on justice,during which Marx moved from bourgeois political liberation criticism to civil society criticism.In Marx's doctoral thesis,although it still follows Hegel's theoretical logic,it is thorough.It reveals the unique opinions of scholars of the same period on freedom and justice,and contains the germination of the liberal justice concept;in the Rhine Period,it has undergone a rethinking of material interests and proletarian interests,and formed the liberal justice concept;in the German-French Yearbook,it has formed the humanistic justice concept and consciousness.To the limitations of Hegel's philosophy and the significance of Feuerbach's humanism.The second stage is the formation period of Marx's view of justice.Marx began to pay attention to alienated labor and private ownership from the Paris period.In this stage,Marx explored the idea of justice from the two dimensions of historical materialism and revolutionary practice.In the third stage of development,Marx's concept of justice has been fully established in the dimension of practical philosophy and historical materialism.Marx's concept of justice,marked by Das Kapital,has matured and further developed and perfected Marx's thought of justice.Marx's view of justice has four basic characteristics: Marx's view of justice has always adhered to the unity of human liberation,the unity of development of basic contradictions with society,the unity of human freedom and all-round development,and the unity of practice.The concrete contents of Marx's justice view are mainly embodied in production justice,distribution justice,development justice and political justice.From the division of labor and justice in the world,justice in the process of world history and justice in communism.By enumerating the different interpretations of justice by contemporary western political philosophers,we can find that Ernst Laclau and Chatel Murphy's democratic justice,Robert Nozick's possessive justice and Axel Hornett's recognition of justice are the typical representatives,although they try to be just to Marx.Views are criticized,supplemented or transcended,but there are still many theoretical defects.On the one hand,they did not pay attention to the issue of justice in the field of production.They only expounded the concept of justice from the perspectives of procedure,democracy,possession and recognition.Essentially,they had the suspicion of avoiding the importance while neglecting the importance.They still regarded capitalist private ownership as a reasonable theoretical premise without doubt,and did not discuss the injustice of capitalist private ownership,especially.On the other hand,although their outlook on justice enriches and develops the research achievements of human beings on the outlook on justice,they are still unable to fundamentally explore and solve the root causes of the existence of injustice,and fail to reach the critical depth of Marx's outlook on justice and human beings.The position of liberation of category I is high.According to the attitude of contemporary western scholars towards Marx's justice view,it can be divided into Allen Wood's theory of Marx opposing justice,Ziad Husami's theory of Marx approving justice,John Rawls,Norman Gerras and Cohen's theory of self-contradiction of Marx's justice view.The contemporary response of our academic circles to Marx's view of justice mainly centers on three questions: whether Marx's view of justice is a value judgment or a fact judgment,whether capitalist exploitation justice or not,and whether justice is distributed according to work.Through the study of these three questions,the author believes that Marx's view of justice is a value judgment.It is also a fact judgment,an organic unity of value judgment and fact judgment;it is meaningless to discuss the justice of capitalist exploitation in an abstract way,and we must adhere to the principle of concrete analysis of specific problems.Only through the proletarian revolution,can we surpass capitalism and achieve real justice;distribution according to work.It is just for the capitalist system and unjust for the future communist distribution system.Marx's view of justice has important contemporary enlightenment for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Firstly,socialist market economy is the conscious practice of Marx's justice view.Marx's justice view is totally different from abstract and empty capitalist justice view.By developing socialist market economy,the great task of making the Chinese people from standing up to getting rich has been accomplished,and Marx's justice view has been practiced with practical actions.Taking public ownership as the main body and the joint development of multi-ownership economy embodies the justice of production.The most prominent part of Marx's justice view is the justice in the field of production.The justice in the field of production is mainly embodied in the ownership of the means of production.Distribution according to work as the main body and coexistence of various modes of distribution embody the justice of distribution.The reason why distribution according to work as the main body and coexistence of various modes of distribution are adopted in the primary stage of socialism in China is mainly due to the ownership structure of means of production,the level of productivity development and the socialist society in the primary stage of socialism.It will be determined by the objective existence of people's labor differences.The present distribution system of our country fully embodies the objective requirements of developing socialist market economy and the objective needs of practicing Marx's justice concept.Secondly,the road of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the conscious practice of Marx's concept of justice.No country has the same political system.We can not judge the quality of the political system abstractly.We must combine the cultural traditions to analyze the good and bad of the political system.The most important thing is to listen to the people's judgment and respect the people's choice.In the construction of socialist rule of law,procedural justice and result justice are organically unified.Only by organically integrating procedural justice and result justice can all citizens be guaranteed genuine fairness and justice,and the law has genuine justice and authority.The restraint of power in the process of state governance is just.Justice is embodied in the mutual restraint and supervision of power,so that everyone can enjoy their due rights and exercise their obligations.Finally,Marx's justice concept takes root and sprouts in the fertile soil of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Marx's view of justice guides the advanced socialist culture of fairness and justice,and promotes the realization of fairness and justice in social governance.The people-centered concept of development inherits and develops Marx's concept of justice,and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the realistic basis for the realization of the free and comprehensive development of human beings.