The Study On Marx's View Of Justice

This paper has two main tasks.One is to "return to Marx" on the issue of justice,to explore the formation process of Marx's concept of justice,and the second is to observe contemporary western justice theory from the perspective of historical materialism,in order to obtain the relevant construction of socialist justice in the new era.Justice is the core proposition of political philosophy,the common political value of mankind,and an important measure of social progress.The crisis of modernity prompted the neo-liberalist Rawls to restore people's attention to political philosophy.He restored the study of political philosophy with "justice as fairness",and his theory of justice responded to the basic problems of contemporary political philosophy,effectively explain and defend the development of contemporary capitalist society.The influence of Rawls's theory of justice is so great that justice has become the focus of political philosophy and other social science research since the second half of the 20th century,Contemporary liberalism,Communitarianism,and Analytical Marxism,Republicanism and the third forces have joined the ranks of the debate.Liberalism led by Rawls and Nozick directly or indirectly challenges Marx's thinking.For example,in the face of the limited resources,can we remain optimistic about the "two inevitabilities" of productivity development?In the current real world,how should Marx's "transcendental" justice theory deal with conflicts of interest between people?Between due justice and equal justice,how can Marx's distribution principle be viewed in a constructive way?In this regard,Analytical Marxism puts forward "Marx and justice",discusses how Marx views morality and justice,and opens up a new field of Marxist political philosophy and justice.However,in these thoughts,Analytical Marxism deliberately neglects historical materialism and criticizes Marxism as economicism,historicism or classism.They generally emphasize the analysis and argumentation of norms and microcosms,and went too far on the road of appealing to the construction of "moral engineering".In response to the situation of justice in the study of contemporary political philosophy,we return to Marx's classic text,expecting to find the answer to the question of whether or not historical materialism is a research method of justice theory.In the face of the problem of "Marx and justice",we need to clarify the formation process of Marx's concept of justice,discriminate Marx's attitude towards justice,and get the practical enlightenment from Marx's theory in the days when the relationship between man and man,man and nature,man and society is antagonistic and cooperative.The basic idea of the thesis is based on this theoretical doubt and realistic concern,study and deepen the classic text of Marx,interpret Marx's thought from the perspective of historical materialism,and take Marx's basic method,class position and core viewpoint as the basic points.It shows the formation trajectory,theoretical essence and contemporary essentials of Marx's concept of justice.Specifically,the paper is divided into six chapters.The first chapter briefly examines the concept of justice in the history of western thought.Exploring the ideological foundation of Marx's concept of justice,traces the classical justice from Socrates to the modern justice initiated by Hobbes.Marx's view of justice is the inheritance,development and transcendence of human justice thought,and is a new milestone in the history of justice thought.The second and third chapters focus on the formation process of Marx's concept of justice and grasp the basic characteristics and theoretical essence of Marx's concept of justice.Marx's concept of justice gradually developed in the collision with other thinkers and reality.The formation of the concept of justice has undergone three stages of germination,formation and maturity,and has experienced the revolutionary democratic view of justice and the concept of humanism.And then to the historical evolution of the historical materialist view of justice,this process presents the "change" and "unchanged" view of Marx's view of justice:the change is only the specific point of view of the specific problem,the constant is the analytical method,class position and value purpose.Marx's view of justice has three basic characteristics:practicality,historicity and class nature.Its theoretical essence is to realize human liberation:from "the highest essence of man is the human being" to "realizing the free and comprehensive development of man",Marx always pays attention to it.It is the realization of the rights and interests of laborers,the dignity of the individual and the full development of human freedom.His concept of justice is the ultimate goal of realizing human liberation.The fourth and fifth chapters are the contemporary western theories of justice and the part of Marx's theory of justice.In the era of "global justice",the discussion on what is justice and how to achieve justice is also a struggle for ideological discourse.Only by deeply understanding the contemporary western view of justice and criticizing and absorbing it from Marx's perspective can we form a more persuasive,practical and perfect theory of justice.By analyzing the problems and limitations of western justice theory,this part shows the criticality and transcendence of Marx's concept of justice,and shows the "presence" of Marx's just thought in contemporary justice theory.Using Marx's just thoughts to observe the practice of capitalism,we can find that capitalism has no ability to create a future that is completely different from reality.Marx's critique of the capitalist system still has a strong explanatory power to this day.The sixth chapter is the value of Marx's concept of justice in the new era of socialism.The concept of socialist justice value needs to be developed and perfected in practice according to Marx's concept of justice.Justice can be realized not by abstract theoretical criticism,but by social relations dealing with various realities.The root of justice is the mode of production.The change only can firmly grasp the premise of vigorously developing productive forces in the material field,and people's freedom and equality can be realized.Under the current conditions of social production,dealing with the relationship between human development and social development,the relationship between individual interests and community interests,the relationship between human rights and obligations,and paying attention to the distribution justice will become the proper meaning of Mark's concept of justice.In a nutshell,no matter how Marx once ridiculed,degraded and rebuked the general "justice",he essentially holds a critical view of justice and a fairly complete process of justice.On the one hand,justice is a complex concept,and it has its own mystery and ambiguity.It has positive positive value,but it cannot be regarded as the"primary virtue" that bears the weight of society.On the other hand,Marx attached the greatest importance to material production,and throughout the consideration of freedom,equality,liberation and self-realization,he did not explicitly and exclusively conclude for justice,but this seemingly "despise" or even "impatient" critique in the name of other values is precisely between the lines of justice.The interpretation and the concern and expression that can be seen everywhere in the text have constituted his view of justice.The concerns and expressions that can be found in the text have formed his view of justice.Marx does not reject justice,not justice,but not "general justice." His great and unselfish character,his sacrifice of his life for the cause of humanity,his political philosophy and political economic theory,is the most justice.Good interpretation,who else is more powerful than Marx's interpretation of justice?We can't see the exact and eloquent words of justice in Marx's text,because he has incorporated the exploration and pursuit of justice into the magnificent social movement of humanity.Marx's theory is a historical,dialectical,and developmental theory.Its foothold is a constantly evolving and changing human society,which is closely integrated with human practice.Applying Marx's theory as absolute truth and applying it mechanically and dogmatically to social reality is not only a follow-up to Marx,but a departure from the spirit of Marx.The achievements of China's socialist construction are inseparable from the guidance of Marxist thinking.In order to build a well-off society in an all-round way,we must continue to develop Marxism,constantly absorb the rational factors of other theories,and better guide the construction of contemporary socialism.In contemporary China,the establishment and development of the socialist market economic system has brought about rapid economic growth.The country has achieved remarkable achievements in the world.The people have shared the fruits of economic growth.However,the development imbalance is not sufficient,and the breadth and benefit of sharing the degree is still very different,which leads to people's sense of injustice.The issue of social fairness and justice has become a major practical problem that cannot be avoided."Any attractive normative political theory must explain how the political system should handle these facts."We hope to observe the new changes in socialist construction through Marx's just perspective,examine the value dimension of China's social development and reform,deeply understand the concept of fairness and justice in the core values of socialism,and further improve the reform of socialist public ownership and distribution system,as the value orientation of socialist political justice construction.