Research On The Issue Of Employment And Social Security Of Land-Expropriated Farmers In China

The issue of land-expropriated farmers is related to the national development strategy,and their employment and social security are not only related to the survival of farmers,but also closely related to social stability and long-term stability.With the acceleration of urbanization in China,the government needs to collect a large number of agricultural land for urbanization construction.At the same time,the issue of employment and social security of farmers who have been expropriated also appears.How to solve the issue scientifically and effectively is related to social stability and national justice.There is a close dialectical relationship between the employment and the social security.The social security provides the basic living security for the land-expropriated farmers which is the basic problem after their lands are expropriated.However,if the employment problem is solved,the basic living security can be solved too.Furthermore,land-expropriated farmers can obtain higher income and enjoy their life with a higher standard,more sense of social existence and honor,make more contributions to society because of their valuable work.Therefor,to a certain extent,employment is the best social security.Of course,not all land-expropriated farmers are suitable for work and can be employed,and not all land-expropriated farmers can not be unemployed after employment.The social security is the last guarantee,playing a fundamental role in security system.Therefor,this dissertation studied the employment and the social security together.The employment is the preferred option and the social security is the basic item which is more helpful to protect the interests of land-expropriated farmers and promote their social development.Focusing on the issue of employment and social security of land-expropriated farmers,this dissertation,,based on the actual investigation of many regions and large samples,summarizes and analyzes the current situation,existing difficulties and main reasons of the employment and social security of land-expropriated farmers,and makes an empirical study on the main objective factors affecting their employment and social security by using the survey data and econometric model,Based on the grounded theory and game theory,this dissertation analyzes the subjective factors of land-expropriated farmers in employment and social security and the game with the government,and puts forward relevant suggestions based on the international experience and domestic practice.Taking into account the different economic development levels in different regions,with the analysis of the current employment and social security situation,Jinan City of Shandong Province in Eastern China,Dangtu County and Fengtai County of Anhui Province in Central China,Pixian County and Pengshan County of Sichuan Province in Western China,are selected as survey areas,480,200,and 210 landexpropriated farmers are sampled separately.Based on the survey data,the basic situation,the employment situation and the social security situation,are deeply analyzed.The study shows that: no matter in the east,central and western regions,with the acceleration of urbanization,there are a large number of land-expropriated farmers.The employment status in the eastern region is better than that in the central and western regions,but the social security status is worse than that in the central and western regions.Land-expropriated farmers put higher expectations of employment and social security.However,due to the low level of education and culture,the low level of vocational skills,the low awareness and ability of entrepreneurship,the dependence on government placement,the lack of government employment training,and the poor accessibility of employment and talent service platform,the employment rate is not high,and the land-expropriated farmers mainly work in the informal employment field.Due to the social security policy,system,mechanism and farmers' own problems,the social security coverage rate of land-expropriated farmers such as pension and medical treatment is uneven and the level of social security is low.To sum up,the main reasons for the employment and social security issue of land-expropriated farmers lie in the deviation of understanding and consideration between the government and the public,between the central and local governments,and between the executive departments.In addition to the reasons at the government level,the individual factors and social factors of the expropriated farmers also affect the solution of the employment and social security problems of the landexpropriated farmers.Through the application of multivariable linear regression analysis(OLS model),variance analysis,principal analysis and(binary and multivariate)logistic regression analysis,this dissertation explores how personal factors and social factors influence the land-expropriated farmers employment and social security under established policy background in general.In terms of the factors affecting the land-expropriated farmers employment,according to the research,the age and education level have an important impact on their employment,and the degree of education affecting employment is significantly higher than that of the age;land-expropriated farmers in the main urban areas have greater employment opportunities than other regions,and there is a positive relationship with employment;the training has a positive impact on the land-expropriated farmers employment,which is greater than other variables;pension insurance and medical insurance have the greatest impact on employment and play a basic “safety net” role;public resettlement plays a positive role in employment,but the effect is not great.In terms of the factors affecting the labor relationship recognition of landexpropriated farmers,regional differences exist in influencing factors in different regions.The degree of education has a significant influence on the satisfaction degree of the land-expropriated farmers labor relationship in the eastern region.The proportion of family employed population has a significant impact on the satisfaction of the land-expropriated farmers labor relationship in central region.The eastern and central regions share common factors such as age,confidence in future jobs and job training.However,these factors have significant differences on the land-expropriated farmers labor relationship satisfaction.In terms of influencing factors of land-expropriated farmers participating in basic urban and rural residents pension insurance and new rural medical insurance.The research shows that: when landexpropriated farmers are relatively young in age,relatively low in education and have a large number of family children,they are relatively reluctant to participate in the basic pension insurance.When the land expropriated farmers are relatively poor and have relatively poor health,they are relatively more willing to participate in the basic pension insurance;When the land-expropriated farmers have relatively high expectations of the government pension subsidies and have a relatively deep understanding of the pension policies,they are relatively more willing to participate in the basic pension insurance.When the individual contribution amount of land expropriated farmers is relatively high and the participation procedure is relatively complex,they are relatively more reluctant to participate in the basic pension insurance.In addition,gender also has a significant impact on the choice of pension types of land-expropriated farmers.In terms of the factors affecting land-expropriated farmers participation in the new rural medical insurance,level of education,family structure,family member health status,ruled reimbursement and contribution of the new rural cooperative medical system,are significantly related to the participation behavior of farmers.The income and gender have no significant impact on the farmers' willingness to participate in the new rural cooperative medical system.In addition to the objective factors that affect the employment and social security of landexpropriated farmers,this dissertation discusses deeply the subjective factors through grounded theory.With the in-depth interviews and the three-level coding of the interview data,this dissertation finds that the land acquisition farmers' needs and social security requirements came from the change in the status of interests,and the existing method of benefit distribution made the group's dependence on employment and social security to a certain extent.Amplification,but whether its group's own mentality dilemma or external policy design restricts its actual actions.In this process,the collapse of the social relationship network faced and experienced by the land-expropriated farmers and the rapid changes in social structure have made their demands for the social support system extremely strong.Through grounded theory,this dissertation develops the factors affecting employment and social security of land-expropriated farmers into a model of "remodeling of interests-mentality transformation-policy optimization-social support".Further more,to resolve the issue of employment and social security of land-expropriated farmers,both government and farmers,which have complex relationships between them,are needed to do something.Based on game theory,this dissertation analyzes the game between the land-expropriated farmers and the government in employment and social security issue and finds: in the employment game,when the government is engaged in employment placement and the land-expropriated farmers looking for work,a long-term equilibrium can be achieved.In the game of social security issue,when the government provides social security and the land-expropriated farmers do not resist,a long-term equilibrium can be achieved.The international experience and domestic practice of land-expropriated farmers employment and social security are analyzed to give reference to the solution of the employment and social security problems.This dissertation finds: the land-expropriated farmers employment and social security problems are not unique to China.All developed country has faced the issue to varying degrees in its urbanization process;perfect laws and regulations are the fundamental countermeasures for effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers;in solving the issue of employment and social security of land-expropriated farmers,both government and land-expropriated farmers should bear corresponding responsibilities;various forms of compensation should be adopted to meet the landexpropriated farmers needs as much as possible in accordance with the actual situation;training is important for land-expropriated farmers.On the basis of the above research,this dissertation puts forward some suggestions: to improve the relevant legal system;to optimize the land acquisition compensation system;to build a comprehensive,fair and reasonable employment and social security system;to establish and improve the information communication mechanism between the labor market and the land-expropriated farmers;to strengthen the supervision of the labor market by government departments and third-party organizations;to consider fully the age structure,education level,residence location and employment environment of the landexpropriated farmers classified management;to strengthen management services to improve the employment environment of land-expropriated farmers;to strengthen publicity and education to enhance their understanding of employment and social security policies;to give full play to ways of public resettlement;to realize the long-term equilibrium of the game between the land-expropriated farmers and the government through improving their wage level and government social security funds,improving their working ability of land-expropriated farmers by education and training and reducing the proportion of social security paid by land expropriated farmers.