| The name of "Zhalainuoer" comes from the Mongolian address of "Dalai Lake".After Russian phonetic translation and then translation into Chinese,it has evolved into "Zhalainuoer".The regional expression range is also from the whole Dalai Lake area,which is located in the current Zhalainuoer District,Hulunbuir City,inner Mongolia.In the history,the Zhalainuoer area,which is located in the northeast border area and bordering on Russia(the Soviet Union),was originally a Mongolian Nomadic area.Because of the signing of the Sino Russian secret treaty,the Qing government,in essence,actively abandoned the sovereignty and corresponding rights of the Middle East Railway,including the management right of Zhalainuoer coal mine,its affiliated areas along the line,and enterprises,and was forced into the "world system".Since then,the region has flourished because of coal,thus forming a multi-cultural and political frontier society.During the period from the opening of Zhalainuoer coal mine in 1902 to the return of Zhalainuoer coal mine to the motherland together with the medium long railway in 1952,Zhalainuoer region experienced four stages of development: Frontier nomadic land-coal mine-mining area-town.In this process,we can not only observe the policies of resource plunder,capital export,product dumping,etc.implemented by the colonists or powerful people to China,and the abnormal development characteristics of the single industrial structure of the colony,but also observe the social pattern of the mining area from nothing to existence,from small to large,diversified and complex.The development and changes of coal mines and mining areas reflect the international relations with the characteristics of the times,the game between China and foreign countries,the mutual restraint between the powers,thecharacteristics of some imported energy industries and heavy industries in the northeast of China,the coexistence and symbiosis mechanism of various ethnic groups in the border areas in response to different regimes,and the governance paradigms of China's border areas in different periods.At the same time,it provides typical cases for exploring the changes of local community,the adjustment of economic and social structure of mining areas under the rule of colonialism or power,the development trend of economic and social in border areas and the influence of international politics.The thesis is divided into three parts: preface,body and conclusion.The purpose of "preface" is to raise questions,clarify the significance of research,and put forward the theoretical paradigm,research methods and objectives to be achieved in this paper through detailed comments on the previous research results.The main body is divided into seven chapters,aiming to give demonstration,explanation and discussion to the problems raised in the "preface".The first chapter takes "modern border crisis: the loss of resource ownership in the national crisscross zone" as the title,and expounds the time and space background of the main object of this paper;The second chapter takes "abandoned border Mining: tsarist Russia's plunder of Zhalainuoer coal mine" as the title,elaborating the plunder of zhalainor coal mine and its mining area by Tsarist Russia during the period of Railway mining and Russian commercial contract;The third chapter takes "Sino Soviet joint operation: the Soviet Union's hidden plunder strategy and its early test of industrialization mode in China" as the title,analyzes the Soviet Union's plunder of coal resources in Zhalainuoer and its relevant policies and management means through the statistics of its coal output;The fourth chapter takes "control and rule: Japan's control over the coal mines and mining areas in the period of puppet Manchu" as the title to analyze the phasedcontent and influence of Japan's industrial control policy in the implementation of the coal mines and mining areas in Zhalainuoer.The fifth chapter takes "the joint management of China and the Soviet Union: the role of the trade union system and the" one leader system "in Zhalainuoer coal mine and mining area as the title,and details the role of the trade union system and the" one leader system "in the process of the recovery of the national economy and the establishment of the social order in the border economy and society;The sixth chapter discusses the adjustment of operation and management of Zhalainuoer coal mine after its return to the motherland in 1952.The seventh chapter takes "remote border Society: the first half of the 20 th century's Zhalainuoer" as the title,analyzes the changes of the coal miners' community and the development of the border society."Conclusion" focuses on answering the questions raised by "preface",summarizing the full text and drawing conclusions.This paper holds that the "locality" of Zhalainuoer shows the social representation of the intersection and integration of the Han immigrant culture,the Russian(Soviet)Japanese colonist or powerful culture and the local Mongolian culture.With the help of the continuous interaction and mutual construction between the "unit" socialization of coal mines and the "local society",the local society of Zhalainuoer has been continuously developed and finally evolved into a town.During the period of Russian Soviet occupation or lease,although the sovereignty of the land still belongs to China in international law,the local Chinese local government still exists,and Russia Soviet is only the loaner of the land,but because the national power of China at that time was weak,it was difficult to extend its due rights,so the land showed the "locality" completely subordinate to the Russian Soviet government,between the coal mine and the local order and the national order of China It's hard to be consistent.Chinese people have been at the bottom of the society for a long time,and local governments in China havealways been in a passive position.During the period of "Japanese puppet" rule,because China's sovereignty in this area was completely invaded,China's national order naturally disappeared.After Japan surrendered in 1945,the Communist Party of China has done a series of secret and open work in the mine,which has been fruitful.In fact,the semantics of "local" and "unit" have been gradually guided to the meaning of "national unit",laying a solid foundation for the gradual consistency between the local order and the national order,so that when the Soviet Union returned the mine to China in 1953,The integration of "National Center" with locality is completed immediately. |
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