On The Changes Of Female Prisoners Transformation For The Past 70 Years In Shanghai

The difference between the female prisoners transformation and the male prisoners transformation lies not only in the isolation of supervision places,but also in the difficulty and the way of transformation.In the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,a long-term exploration has been made in the theory and practice of the female prisoners transformation,and a series of achievements have been made,which are different from that of male prisoners transformation.It is very valuable to understand the changes of the female prisoners transformation in this historical period,not only for the collation and research of the theory of the female prisoners transformation,but also for the guidance of the practical work of the female prisoners transformation.But,there is no systematic research at present on the literature analysis of the female prisoners transformation in the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.According to the different historical materials,there are two kinds of historical materials related to the female prisoners transformation: the literature historical materials and the oral historical materials.The most abundant,complete and open literature historical materials are preserved in Shanghai.Shanghai is an international metropolis.As early as the period of the Republic of China,women’s prison was built with both Chinese and Western characteristics in management.After the founding of new China,it has absorbed and learned from its good experience,and has become the leader in the female prisoners transformation in the past 70 years in China.Shanghai has its own prison chronicle,which records the whole picture of prisoners transformation since 1949,and every year after 2000,it compiles prison yearbooks available for public.In addition,Shanghai’s political and legal newspapers,books,periodicals and other literature also have historical records of the female prisoners transformation,which can be accessed publicly.Oral historical materials are oral materials about the methods and experience of criminal supervision since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,by which we can understand the actual situation of prison management in different periods more carefully.But this kind of information is rare at present,and only appears sporadically in newspapers or archives.However,there are still some retired people who were engaged in female prisoners transformation in Shanghai since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.They are most familiar with the actual situation of prison management in different periods.These latent materials are the best supplement to the study of this history.Therefore,it is very urgent and necessary to interview the living historical witnesses and record these oral historical materials in time.Therefore,this dissertation makes a systematic study and analysis of the history from 1949 to 2019 of the female prisoners transformation in Shanghai through extensive collection,collation and analysis of written and oral historical materials.The dissertation comprehensively adopts the methods of historical data collection,literature research,case analysis,case interview,quantitative research,interdisciplinary research,experience summary and other methods,in order to provide some enlightenment and reference for the theoretical research and practical work of crime prevention and crime transformation of female offenders.The dissertation consists of five chapters and one introduction,which are as follows:The first two parts of the introduction part make clear the significance of the topic,defines the concepts of "female prisoners" and "women’s prison".The third part analyzes the current research progress,including the summary of the research achievements and the distilling of the research fields both in the theoretical and practical circles at home and abroad,and finds that there is a blank in the research area of the history of the female prisoners transformation in Shanghai after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.In the first chapter,the historical stages of the female prisoners transformation in Shanghai since the founding of the People’s Republic of China is divided into three phases: the initial and stagnation period,the recovery and revitalization period,the reform and innovation period.In the initial period,there is no separate detention institution for the management of female prisoners,which is not different from that of male prisoners in terms of management means.After the stagnation period of the Cultural Revolution,the female prisoners transformation has entered the recovery and revitalization period,the legal system has been gradually improved,the working system has been gradually completed,and a separate prison for female prisoners has been established,and a classified transformation mode for female prisoners has been formed.After getting into the 21 st century,the female prisoners transformation has entered the stage of reform and innovation stage.It integrates all kinds of resources,increases the proportion of educational transformation,and develops an unique assessment scale of female prisoners in the whole country,which creates a unique brand in Shanghai of female prisoners transformation.In the second chapter,the changes of the guiding ideology in the past 70 years are put forward,which are from punishment oriented to management safety oriented,and finally to re-socialization oriented.The punishment oriented thought is originated from the historical situation of the large number of counter revolutionary criminals and the fierce class struggle in the early days of the People’s Republic of China.Its manifestation in the prisoners transformation is that there is no difference between men and women.The management safety oriented thought comes from the increasing types of crimes,the increasing complexity of the structure of female criminals and the increasing learning from the West.In the face of the severe social situation,the resocialization oriented is proposed,with the requirements for the female prisoners transformation being not only to keep the bottom line of safety,but also to take into account the means of punishment implementation with the combination of leniency and strictness,and the form of cultural transformation by humanistic care for better behaved female prisoners.In the third chapter,the author discusses in detail the female prisoners transformation process of the political transformation,the supervision transformation,the education transformation,the labor transformation and the cultural transformation for the past 70 years in Shanghai.The political transformation,as a leading one of means of transformation,runs through the process of female prisoners transformation following up with the national political and ideological work.The supervision transformation is the basis of prison work.It is with rich and diverse content and has both successful experience and some lessons in the past 70 years in Shanghai,but it has been developing and advancing on the whole.In general,the content and form of the education and the cultural transformation are constantly enriched.And the labor transformation has changed from the production efficiency to the training of labor skills.In the fourth chapter,the author studies the environment changes related to female prisoners which contains the legal environment,the living and health environment,the management environment and the transformation group environment.In terms of the legal environment,the legal systems of commutation and parole,correspondence and interview,home visitation and resettlement have changed.In terms of living and health environment,the protection of human rights for female prisoners has been continuously enhanced,and greater progress has been made in the aspects of food,medical and health care,production and life,quilt and clothing,work and rest time for female prisoners.In terms of the management environment,the conditions for prison alert and emergency response have been significantly improved,and the conditions for punishment and evidence preservation have been gradually improved,reflecting the continuous standardization of prison law enforcement.In terms of the transformation group environment,the process of its change is manifested in the regularization of the source of prison polices,the standardization of the working system,the continuous optimization of the training mechanism,and the continuous enhancement of scientific research capacity.The fifth chapter is the summary and thinking of the above four chapters,which discusses the motive force of the female prisoners transformation,analyzes the characteristics of the female prisoners transformation when compared with the male prisoners transformation in the same period,as well as the deep thinking about the social status changing of women brought about by the past 70 years,and its Enlightenment on the female prisoners transformation and the female crimes prevention.