| Knowledge economy has closen the relationship between universities and society,and establishing entrepreneurial university to respond to social needs has become an overwhelming trend of universities' development.The previous researches on the entrepreneurial university focused more on the introduction of the theory analysis and organization transformation,but less on the actions of academic enterprise and the influence of discipline development;more on the need of economic and social development as a single factor on establishing entrepreneurial university,but less on that of governments,universities themselves,discipline development and university teachers together as comprehensive factors;more on the perspective of university administrators,but less on the need,cognition and response of teachers.Under the background of international higher education reform and development since 1990s,taking basic academic organization,teachers and discipline development as the key bodies and combining the factors of markets and governments,this research has chosen three universities as the cases from Nanjing of Jiangsu Province,at such levels of universities as "985 project","211 project" and ordinary provincial ones,and of different types of such as comprehensive universities and technology ones,and analyzed the strategy to which the academic organization and faculty responses and the mechanism of academic entrepreneurship for discipline construction and teacher's development.By collecting materials of three universities,it proceeded in-depth interviews in this qualitative research of 14 personnel.Among them,12 people are from universities,including administrative personnel and academic personnel who have various discipline backgrounds,another 2 people from the Department of Education.On the basis of the entrepreneurial university of Burton Clark's transformation theory of five essential elements,Sheila Slaughter about academic capitalism theory and Etzkowitz's three spiral theory,the research has adopted interview and questionnaire investigation methods to explain the status of university academic entrepreneurship,internal and external environment as well as the relationship of government,market and university academic entrepreneurship in China.Using the new institutional theory and resource dependence theory,the academic entrepreneurship behavior and teacher's response strategy can be rational analysized and interpreted.In fact,teacher's academic entrepreneurship is restricted and influenced by the university's policy system.Teacher's behavior selection is a result of the interaction of the school policy and the personal interest,so it presents the homogenization characteristics.The interview results confirmed the significance of the new institutionalism theory and resource dependence theory in academic entrepreneurial behavior,which is that academic entrepreneurship behavior of teachers is a response to the university system of rewards and punishments to obtain the "legality"(the new institutionalism theory)and it increases external resources in order to avoid the reduction of resources(resource dependency theory).This thesis utilizes SPSS factor and cluster methods to analysize empirically the status of academic entrepreneurial behavior of 38 universities of Jiangsu Province.It concludes that there are five levels of academic entrepreneurial results about the colleges and universities in Jiangsu.It not only confirms the close interaction mechanism between university academic entrepreneurship and disciplinary development,but also reveals the imbalance between them.According to the cases of universities,five types of academic entrepreneurship are summarized based on the comprehensive comparison analysis.They include mixed type,initial type,adaptive type,mature type and ideal type.The academic entrepreneurship types of the universities in Jiangsu Province mainly concentrated in three kinds of the initial type,adaptive type and mixed type,the lack of sophisticated and ideal types of academic entrepreneurial.According to Potter's "Diamond Model" theory analysis framework and Harrison's interaction mechanism model on business results and market factors,the research constructs the concept model of academic entrepreneurship ability interaction with internal and external factors.Internal factors are composed of four internal factors of the development project,the level of academic development,the academic capital mechanisms and culture and the academic entrepreneurship capacity.External factors are composed of policy,opportunity,the social and economic environment,industry demand and so on.On the basis of above research,it is suggested in this paper that to establish entrepreneurial universities,special attention must be paid to the five problems,i.e.the organic unity of knowledge innovation,technology transfer and organization transformation,the combination of university autonomy,academic freedom and social responsibility,the interaction between policy environment and universities,and the strategy selection of transition that fit them,effective promotion of the reform and innovation of university system and mechanism.They are the ways to achieve the balance of academic and administrative,academic and entrepreneurial and to realize the benign interaction and win-win development of university,government and market. |
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