Research On Enrolment System In Russian Universities And Colleges

In today's world,although the enrolment systems in universities and colleges are not the same,but basically toward two trends:one trend is from centralization to decentralization,namely the countries and regions which was original unified examination system,while maintaining the unified examination function,at the same time gradually developed to diversification and decentralization,representative country is China;another trend is from decentralization to centralization,namely the countries which originally implemented independent recruitment examination,while keeping the superiority of the independent exam,at the same time,gradually developed towards a unified and centralized direction,representative country is Russia.The national unified examination system in Russia is to some extent learning from experiences and practices of Chinese universities and colleges entrance examination,while Russian accumulated experience is likely to be problems and solutions which we will encounter in the future.The reform of enrolment systems in universities and colleges in the two countries can be seen as a two-way movement,all roads lead to Rome,finally can find an optimal point.Its purpose is to combine the advantages of independent recruitment examination and unified exam systems,foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses,obtain perfection,finally realize a fair,efficient and scientific enrolment system.So many of the problems are common between the two countries and we can learn from each other,complement each other.As an important social system and educational system,enrolment systems in universities and colleges are reflections of the political and social status of each historical period.In the development of the enrollments system of Russian Universities,there are radical changes,also some gradual reforms.In term of the scale,forms and methods of diversity and the complexity of situations,Russia is unique in the world.At the beginning of twenty-first Century,Russian enrolment system in universities and colleges had a radical reform,which changed from the traditional universities and colleges entrance examination into the national unified examination which was effective after eight years of trial.T he process of reform is controversial,but mixed,after full discussion and pilot,listening to the opinions and suggestions of the community,absorbed foreign experiences on the basis of respect for traditional culture,and adjusted and improved according to the specific circumstances of each year,the national unified examination system gradually became scientific,rational and diversified.Firstly,this paper adopts literature analysis method,traces the historical evolution of Enrolment System in Russian universities and colleges,comprehensively combs and reviews it from the beginning of establishing universities and colleges to today,emphasis on the background,specific content,implementation process,difficult problems and the latest development of the national unified examination,elaborates Russian current enrollment policy;Secondly,this paper adopts case analysis,selects typical microscopic cases,analyzes the implementation of national unified examination and enrollment policy in federation and universities and colleges;thirdly,a special chapter introduces intense debates around the national unified examination by Russian government officials,experts and scholars,and the society;Finally uses the comparative analysis,focuses on the fairness of enrolment system in Russian universities and colleges,compares advantages and disadvantages of independent admission examination and national unified examination,summarizes the characteristics of enrolment system in Russian universities and colleges,puts forward the enlightenments on the current enrolment system in Chinese universities and colleges.This article try to innovate and contribute in the following aspects:(1)Reverse reference.The Sino Russian enrolment systems in universities and college are typical representatives of the two reform trend.To do research on reverse reform trend can provide a new angle of view on enrolment system reform in Chinese universities and colleges,so we can take precautions,nip in the bud with little detours,this is the real value of this research.(2)Learning characteristics and experiences.Historically,Chinese education system followed the Soviet model comprehensively,had homology characteristics with Russia in many aspects.Now the two countries both are in social transformation period,national conditions have many similarities between the two countries,have very strong comparability.The reform of Russian enrolment systems in universities and colleges are distinct,and it is helpful to find out the useful reference for establishing modern enrolment systems in universities and colleges with Chinese characteristics by studying the ideas,methods and paths of the reform.(3)Enrich theoretical and practical researches.At present,there is no systematic research on Russian enrolment systems in universities and colleges by doctoral paper,this paper conducts in-depth study of Russian enrolment systems in universities and colleges from two angles of macroscopic and microcosmic,and two dimensions of vertical and horizontal,enriches research on Russian education system,enrich research on the theory and practice of enrolment system.(4)Enhance mutual understanding.With the signing of the Sino Russian "One Belt and One Road"cooperation declaration,it has practical significance for bilateral cooperation in the field of education to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the political,economic and cultural fields,and to enhance understanding on Russian education system and examination system.