Study On District Oriented School Running In The Basic Education

The district-oriented school running is an education governance pattern to optimize the educational resource allocation and balance the development of regional education.This pattern establish an alliance organization called school district composed of several basic education schools in the same area,which will break the barrier of inter-school,realize the sharing of resources,expand coverage of high-quality educational resources and gradually achieve the balanced development of education in the region.This research makes analysis around the core content of district-oriented school running.The key problems to be solved in this research are focused on the start,process and result of district-oriented school running,namely,how to establish the school district,how the school district operates and how to evaluate the performance of school district.This research comprehensively uses literature research,questionnaire survey and interview method to analyze the internal and external environment,management operation mode and performance evaluation of the school district.In the part of establishment of school district,this research demonstrate the feasibility of implementing district-oriented school running in the basic education stage from the aspects of policy,economy,management and resource.And on this basis,exploratory spatial data analysis is used to explore the present situation of the allocation of educational resources in the research area from the perspectives of hardware resources and teacher resources.The results show that there is obvious unbalanced development in the spatial pattern of regional educational resources and available resources are not fully utilized.In order to ensure the effectiveness of district-oriented school running,the school district should be established according to the principle of close geographical location,reasonable resource structure and suitable scale.The formation mode of school district can be divided into single-center mode and multi-center mode,the former emphasize the advantages of educational resourceradiation and the latter emphasize diversified features.It can also be divided into same stage mode and different stage mode,the former emphasize the agglomerate advantage and the latter emphasize connection of knowledge.In the part of management operation of school district,this research deeply analyzes the governance structure,organizational structure,resource sharing of district-oriented school running.In terms of governance structure,governance bodies of school district can be divided into government,school and society.The government is the leader of district-oriented school running which plays the role of supervising and safeguarding.The school is the core of district-oriented school running which expands and implements the autonomy through school district.The society is the supporter of district-oriented school running which plays role of decision consulting and monitor evaluation.In terms of organizational structure,the three-dimensional organizational structure is made of county,school district and school.Special leading group is set up in county which carry out the overall plan for district-oriented school running.Management committee is set up in school district as the power center to form a small regional education "autonomous regions".At the school level,the President is responsible for all kinds of specific work.In terms of resource sharing,this paper analyzes the sharing modes of resources from the aspects of hardware resource,curriculum resource and teacher resource.Hardware resource sharing includes unified sharing of similar hardware resources and complementary sharing of unique hardware resources.The curriculum resource sharing includes the cross-school registration in the level of student,the joint research in the level of teacher,the high-quality resource agglomeration in the level of school district.The teacher resource sharing includes the teacher flow system with complementary advantages and the long-term mechanism of teacher professional development focusing on teacher training and evaluation.The result of game model analysis of school district resource sharing shows that all member of school district will tend to chooseno-sharing strategy when any school's additional benefit is less than the cost of resource sharing.All member of school district will tend to choose sharing strategy only when any school's additional benefit is more than the cost of resource sharing.The factors affecting school district resource sharing include payoff coefficient,risk coefficient and the difference of resource in member schools.The probability of member schools choosing resource sharing will increase with the increase of payoff coefficient and the decrease of risk coefficient and difference of resource in member schools.In the part of performance evaluation of school district,this research select degree of satisfaction and goal achievement to evaluate performance of district-oriented school running and research influence factor of performance form degree of trust,communication,stability and synergy.Based on the existing maturity questionnaire and field research data,the questionnaire was designed to obtain the individual's experience of district-oriented school running and to measure the performance and its influencing factors.Results of the analyses of individual's experience show that school district activities have been very fruitful,the effect of school district joint teaching and research has been widely recognized,the promotion effect of school district on teachers' professional development is very obvious,tacit knowledge learning is more important in teachers' opinion compared with the direct exchange of resource,sharing of curriculum resource and teacher resource is considered to be the most important part of district-oriented school running.Results of the analyses of scale show that the performance score is in the upper level.In the score of influencing factors,the degree of trust is the highest and the degree of synergy is the lowest.There were significant differences in performance scores among different types of school districts,and significant differences exists in scores of influencing factors except for the degree of stability.There were significant differences in performance scores among different types of member schools,andsignificant differences exists in scores of influencing factors except for the degree of communication and stability.Results of multiple regression analysis show that each of the influencing factors has a significant positive impact on the performance of district-oriented school running,and the degree of influence from high to low is the degree of communication,synergy,trust and stability.Based on the interview and the data analysis results,it is found that the current difficulty of district-oriented school running mainly includes three aspects.Firstly,systemic inertia leads to weak development of the school district.Secondly,boundary dilemma of alliance leads to resource sharing obstacle of school district.And third,organizational culture conflict leads to the conflict in member schools.In order to optimize the district-oriented school running,some measures should be taken.Firstly,the reform of school districts should be promoted at a high level driven by the government to achieve the role of government from the responsible party to leader.Secondly,promote education organization pattern reform with school district as the carrier to achieve the original system from survival to change.Thirdly,form a benign operation mechanism within the school district to achieve the school district organization from loose to cohesive.