Study On Vocational Stress Of College Tutors And Its Adaptation

College tutors play an important role in the practice of higher education and assume an important mission,being the backbones to carry out ideological and political education of college students and also the organizers,implementers and guiders of students in daily affairs and management.Due to the special status,complex job contents and other various factors,the current vocational stress of college tutors has become a increasingly prominent problem,and the occupational ennui and psychological sub-health conditions emerge,which impact the ideological and political education effectiveness of college students and the whole situation of higher education development to a certain extent.Therefore,it has a positive practical relevance to make analysis on the factors that influence occupational stress of college tutors and make discussion on the strategies for college tutors actively deal with their stress,and it is particularly important for the sustainable development of higher education.This paper fully absorbed the elaboration of Marxist classical writers on vocational theory based on the practice,made questionnaires and interviews for 1240 teachers of 52 colleges and universities in 14 provinces in China based on the "people-oriented" philosophy,and made in-depth analysis on the mutual relations and mutual influences among organizational support sense,self-efficacy sense,adaptation strategies,job performance,job satisfaction and dimission intention through the analysis perspective of occupational stress of college tutors,so as to build a way of occupational stress adaptation for college tutors and to mitigate the effects of occupational stress on tutors.This paper applied the method of empirical analysis to make investigation and study on the overall sense of occupational stress of college tutors(including that of different gender,age,political affiliation,education,professional and technical titles,and part-time administrative positions),the pressure performance and the cause analysis in different universities.The studies have shown that the sense of occupational stress is generally high for current college tutors,among which the primary pressure is " wages and benefits are low,devotion and income are not proportional" with the pressure sense up to 83.71%,the second is "transactional work is much and trivial,taking large load and long time”,with the pressure sense up to 83.55%,and the third is "the space for work promotion and development is small,without clear career orientation",with the pressure sense up to 83.31%.In the survey of interview,the three senses of occupational stress are most significant and prevalent among college tutors,which have affected the quality of life and working state of tutors.Due to the excessive occupational pressure,college tutors may produce listless sense of career,get degressive physical and mental health,have their job performance reduced,get tensional interpersonal relations,make low job satisfaction,weaken their social capacity and make serious demission trend and other pressure performances.This paper made analysis on occupational stress of tutors and investigated the causes of occupational pressure from the four aspects of society,university,family and individual.Tutors have high expectations for the society but social support is not matchable;the social recognition for their occupation is low,which affected the work enthusiasm of tutors;the change of educational policy brings new challenges and pressures for tutors in their professional quality.The functions and responsibilities of college tutors are not clear,management mechanisms are inadequate,election and employment mechanism is not standardized,evaluation mechanism is unscientific,incentive mechanism is imperfect,work load is too over large and so on,all of which aggravate the occupational stress sense of tutors.The tutors devote much time and energy into their work and oppositely little into their family so the conflict between work and family give tutors much stress for the balance between the two.Additionally,the deficiency of individual comprehensive quality and stress resistance capabilities,and the insufficiency of interpersonal coordination and stress release also become the constituent elements of occupational stress.Based on the analysis on the causes of occupational stress of college tutors,this study made a integrated application of Marxist theory of human science,psychology,and ideological and political education and other subjects to propose the adaptation strategies from the four aspects of community,university,family and individual.First,it is the social environment optimization.Improve the social support system,create a good atmosphere for public opinion,enhance the sense of identity and pride of tutors for occupation,learn from the advanced experience of foreign universities and gradually introduce them in combination with China's reality,promote the reform of college tutors system in China.Second,it is the colleges' high concerns.Make clear the responsibility of tutors,improve the occupational standards of tutors,adhere to professional,vocational,expert standard,keep profession and multiple competence,develop one specialty based on broad knowledge and skills,overcome the current application tends of "nanny","snake oil","fireman" type,so as to relieve the occupational stress of tutors.The administrative department shall bear its responsibility within its scope of matters,not transfer it to the tutors for implementation.Make sound evaluation and incentive mechanism,strengthen the construction of tutor team and broaden the career development path of tutors.Third,it is the family atmosphere.Fully exert the supporting function of family feeling,create a harmonious and happy family atmosphere,balance the relationships between work and family,and ease the pressure on their career.Fourth,it is the improvement of individual quality.Improve individual overall quality,enhance self-efficacy sense,improve psychological adjustment capacity,shape sound personality,innovate student management mode and increase career happiness index.The above four aspects of adaptation strategies,will help reduce the occupational stress of college tutors,enhance their joy and happiness index,improve the work relevance and effectiveness of tutors,strengthen the effectiveness of school management,promote the good and orderly development of higher education in all aspects.