Research On The Rationality Of Compulsory Education Resources Allocation Of Northwest Rural Area

The rational allocation of compulsory education resources is the basic guarantee for the balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of compulsory education in urban and rural areas in China.The weakness and bottleneck of the development of compulsory education in China are in the remote and poor rural areas,and the poverty-stricken northwest areas are the key and difficult points of the development of compulsory education.So,these counties in northwest regions which finish the compulsory education balanced development evaluation of the Ministry of Education become the focus of this study.In order to further study the present situation of the allocation of compulsory education resources in northwest rural areas under the basic equilibrium of compulsory education at County level,this study selects W county,a poverty-stricken county at the national level in Gansu Provinceas the sample county,and stratifies 31 rural primary and secondary schools and 6 urban primary and secondary schools as sample schools,the project team went to the sample schools in W County to investigate the statusquo of the county's rural compulsory education resources allocation by field questionnaires,interviews and observations.The survey shows that even though W County has passed the national compulsory education basic balanced assessment in June 2016,the allocation of compulsory education resources in sample schools are still worrying.Whether in the allocation of human resources,material resources or financial resources,there is still a gap between urban and rural areas and between schools.There are not only the insufficient allocation of compulsory education resources in some rural schools,especially concerning the teachers majoring in music,art and information technology and information technology equipment,but also the idleness and waste of education resources.There is still some irrationalities in the allocation of rural compulsory education resources in W county.Whether the allocation of resources in compulsory education is reasonable or not is the unity of factual judgments and value judgment.The existence of the urban-rural differences and inter-school differences of the rural compulsory education resources allocation in W County is a fact and presentation.At the same time,the facts and appearances imply the stakeholders' subjective concepts,needs,purposes,motivation and interest criteria and the value judgment of behavior logic.They are the evaluation descriptions of this educational and social phenomenon based on certain value criteria.From this point of view,the rationality of the allocation of compulsory education resources depends on whether the interests of all stakeholders are reasonable or not,and on whether the evaluation criteria are reasonable.Therefore,the irrationality of the allocation of compulsory education resources is manifested as the fact or appearance irrationalityand the intrinsic or valueirrationality.Based on the analysis of rationality theory,it is found that the allocation of compulsory education resources in this county have fallen into the predicament of substantive rationality deviation,form rationality helplessness and practical rationality inefficiency.The unfavorable factors such as the natural conditions,historical culture and social and economic development of rural areas are undeniable in the poverty areas of W county inNorthwest China.The allocation of compulsory education resources and the balanced development of compulsory education are also undeniable affected.The analysis of W County from the perspective of public choice theory shows that the one-sided rationality of the allocation of rural compulsory education resources and the self-interest behavior of stakeholders,such as the maximization of stakeholders' interests,the game of interests among bureaucracies,rent-seeking and corruption in education,government failure(officials' behavior and policy inefficiency)are the main causes of the irrationality of rural compulsory education resources allocation in W County.To change the irrationality of rural compulsory education resources allocation in W County or even the poor areas of Northwest China,we must correctly understand the value of the allocation and balanced development of compulsory education resources,and make it clear that promoting the full and free development of students is the core value of the allocation and balanced development of compulsory education resources,and the balanced development of quality education is the essential requirement of compulsory education.It must be based on the understanding of the nature of rationality and standardize the behavior of stakeholders to promote the rationality of rural compulsory education resources allocation.First of all,it must standardize and constrain the conduct of the government and its officials,and earnestly implement the accountability system for education.At the same time,non-governmental supervision organizations at all levels should be set up to supervise the government's investment in compulsory education.Secondly,through system innovation,to improve the policy of “public-funded normal students” and establish “national teachers” system,and set up the system of “teachers' fund and honorary certificate in remote and poor areas”.Thirdly,scientific planning should be made to make the allocation of compulsory education resources reflect the unity of purpose and law,value and tool,subject and object,so as to promote the balanced development of compulsory education in the county areas.The balanced development of compulsory education is a long-term,systematic and dynamic balanced growth based on the recognition of disparities and respect for differences.It is a balanced development driven by development.It can not be achieved quickly,and can not be the way “one-size-fits-all”.We should fully consider the actual development of different regions and schools,and pursue a balanced quality of educationon the basis of ensuring the “bottom line”equity in the allocation of educational resources,and avoid the “Great Leap Forward”type of “false balance” and “abnormal balance”.