Research On Process And Essence Of Physical Education Alienation In Higher Institutes

Tiyu in higher institutions is a series of actions for physical education which contain P.E.classes,physical exercise and sport games,etc.The purpose is to help college students acquire sport skills,establish a good habit to do exercise actively and achieve comprehensive physical and mental development."Alienation" is an ancient and developing concept in academic research,the meaning of which is separation,transfer and apart.There are four points of alienation: the emergence of new things and separation from man's creative activities;the means,process or result required to achieve the goal deviates from the original intention;loss of humanness and controlled by "new things";the loss of a group's generic identity.Our tiyu in higher institutions have been alienated.First,it is severely marginalized in education,only left some physical activity classes,opportunistic acts of avoiding physical activity in large numbers and some sports training for scores.The physical health of college students continues to decline,there are still many students do not master at least one sports skills,a large number of students lack the awareness and habit of independent physical exercise.Second,Without clear boundary and lack of independent,clear,scientific conceptual theory system,Most of the relevant policies and regulations or academic research take school tiyu as the reference.Third,it looks like a collection including teaching,physical activities,sports,research,social service and sport training,which follow different management attribution and development logic.So far,most of the relevant policies and regulations or academic researches on physical education in higher institutions refer to the theoretical basis of school physical education.Furthermore,the focus of the sports department is shifting to maintain its own survival and development under the environment of university instead of performing on the basic task of "physical education to students".For the importance and particularity of higher education for talent training and national quality improvement,the research on alienation of tiyu in higher institutions has important theoretical and practical significance.On the basis of the existing research,this paper studies the process and essence of it.On the basis of in-depth analysis of existing literature and interview data,this paperregards Tiyu in higher institutions as an "organization" from the perspective of an open system,and centering on the function of school physical education,this paper interprets and explains the phenomena and problems of alienation with historical research methods and special writing structures.Jin guantao believes that we should start from the most universal and verifiable concept as the starting point of the whole philosophical theory research.After historical review and conceptual analysis of "Physical Education" and "Sport”,it is found that “tiyu”referred to "Physical Education" in school.Till now,the referential object of Chinese character "sports" has been generalized,and people have their own "tiyu views".Rather than the physical education in school,the generalized "tiyu" is more like the sum of series of activities about western Sports.The inaccuracy of the core concept is the root of alienation and plays a role throughout the whole process of alienation.As the education essential attribute of the body is obscured,lacks clear scientific theoretical guidance,under the pressure of policy tasks,our school tiyu had to imitate the methods and patterns of sports activities in foreign schools,which might replace and deviate from the goal,and the task could not be performed.And,considering the close correlation of them,the discussion on alienation in higher institutions should be based on "alienation of school physical education".The integrity judgment of alienation needs to combine the above points with process analysis.The historical investigation shows that the alienation process of physical education in higher institutions can be divided into three stages: origination,development and complication.And these three stages correspond to different historical periods,are subject to different main influencing factors,and their theoretical basis and analytical model are also different.From a vertical perspective,the external political and economic environment of tiyu in ancient Chinese,the late Qing dynasty,the early republic of China,and the People's Republic of China have played a succession role about the alienation process.At first,the institutional environment dominated the origin and development of the alienation of school physical education in a strong sense.The "tiyu saving the nation" in the late Qing dynasty and the early republic of China gave birth to modern Chinese school tiyu.However,from the beginning,only the methods and patterns of western "Physical Education" left,so that the essential connotation and functions are different in and aboard.In fact,China school tiyu is just a collection of series of physical activities,contents and organization methods.Functionally,the political function replaced the "sound human nature" as the fundamental function.The purpose is to save the country.After the cultural revolution,the alienation process of sports in higher institutions was gradually reflected in the horizontal interaction among Chinese sports,education,higher education,sports organizations in higher institutions.At this point,the "organization-structure" analysis model is adopted for investigation.Before the 1990 s,Chinese sports dominated the overall work of school tiyu in direct,blurry its essential attributes and objectives.Meanwhile,the education system of exam-oriented education and policy intervention lag failed to reverse the "deviation" from the essence of school tiyu,and further blurred its content and boundary under the promotion of opportunism and utilitarianism.What's more,tiyu in higher institutions are forced to follow the "legitimacy" mechanism for survival and development under the special ecological environment of Chinese universities.In a word,those serial factors and elements influenced on the physical education and sport organization successively and drove it to that survival plight.When those physical education and sport schools begin to push their traditional "three major tasks" to the edge,it is likely to be a signal about the transfer of those organization functions.In this way,it seems that the ”tiyu” in universities are constantly entering into the higher education system,but in fact their behavior is far away from the fundamental function.With the viewpoint of the French school of organizational socialism,this paper analyzes the series of "resistance" actions taken by the physical education and sport schools of higher institutions to comply with the "legitimacy" from the perspective of micro-actors.That is to say,there are a lot of opportunistic behaviors among actors at all levels and most of them are strongly assimilative when performing school sports tasks.At the same time,the constraint of formal system is transferred to "power relationship",that is,key actors and resources become the core elements restricting the sports work of higher institutions.In addition,some alienation issues originate from the helplessness or unintended consequences of the relevant actors under the restriction of resources.The process of alienation of physical education in higher institutions occurs in the cyclic interaction between the cognition,behavior and organizational structure of the actors,and its essence lies in the alienation of organizational function.As to the organizational system,alienation is manifested as the deviation of the means to carry out activities in the process of organization operation from the purpose and task,and the necessary goals set subjectively become symbols or slogans.For tiyu in higher institutions,alienation means that the development goal of "perfect person" is replaced by "organization work" under the guidance of instrumental rationality,and even "maintaining the survival and development of sports departments" becomes a new organizational goal.Its fundamental function is political,education attribute and essential function are almost completely covered,far away the physical education and activity increasingly.In the perspective of organizational evolution,new structure has not been produces in the system.Many "problematic" phenomena what we see are the result of a series of unorganized forces after the functional dissimilation of many subsystems in the organization of tiyu in higher institutions.