Rural Migrant Workers' Employment Quality

The scale of rural migrant workers reveals a stable growth in recent years.According to National Bureau of Statistics,the scale of rural migrant workers has reached to 2.86 hundred million people up to 2018.The large scale of rural migrant workers has become the subject of industrial workers: they are mainly employed in construction industry,manufacturing industry,wholesale and retailing trade industry,resident service,repair and other service industry and they are the important driving force of China's society and economy development.While,in contrast to the stable growth of the amount of rural migrant workers,the quality of employment of rural migrant workers is far from being satisfactory.The low level of wages,the lack of vocational training,working overtime,and the low coverage of social security and the lack of labour contract have already become normalization,which not only relates to rural migrant workers development,but also relates to the advancement of New Urbanization.Consequently,to study the quality of employment of rural migrant workers is of great practical significance.It is worth noting that rural migrant workers' employment quality is a relative concept.To conclude whether their employment quality is high or low needs to compare their employment quality with citizen workers.Therefore,from the perspective from comparative study,it compares rural migrant workers' employment quality with citizen workers and discusses whether or not the employment qualities of the two groups have similarities or differences.Then,it examines the influences of individual characteristics,human capital,social capital,employment characteristics and regional characteristics on rural migrant workers' employment quality and discusses whether or not the above factors have similarities or differences in terms of their influence on the two groups.First of all,based on macro statistics of National Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China,the thesis examines the change and present situation of rural migrant workers employment quality.It is found that each aspect of rural migrant workers' employment quality obtains different improvement in recent decade.With regard to wages,rural migrant workers' wages obtain an obvious increase,while their wages still remain a low level compared with their urban counterparts.With regard to working hours,the phenomenon of working overtime has been improved to some extent,while working overtime still remains common.With regard to social security,the coverage rate of migrant workers has increased to some extent,while most of rural migrant workers are still not covered by the urban social security system,and they lack securities when they are in old-age stage,suffer from unemployed,disease,occupational injury and born.With regard to labour contract,the low rate of signing labour contract has not obtained obvious improvement in recent years.With regard to employment satisfaction,the overall employment satisfaction of rural migrant workers is relatively low,while it is higher than their urban counterparts.Next,the thesis analyzes rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' working condition and factors from micro level.It is found that rural migrant workers' wages are lower than their urban counterparts,while rural migrant workers' working time is longer than their urban counterparts.In terms of factors of their wages,the influence of individual characteristics,human capital,social capital,employment characteristics and regional characteristics on rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' wages reveals high similarities.While,in terms of factors of working hours,the influence of individual characteristics,human capital,social capital and employment characteristics on rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' working hours reveals differences to some degree,which shows that social capital(labour union)only lowers the probability of citizen workers working overtime.Thirdly,the thesis compares rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' working time and factors from micro level.It is found that the phenomenon of lack of social security is more obvious for rural migrant workers than their urban counterparts.In terms of factors,the influence of individual characteristics,human capital,employment characteristics and regional characteristics on their social security reveals differences to some extent,which show that health condition only has significant influence on rural migrant workers' social security and unit has different influence on the two groups.Fourth,the thesis compares rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' labour contract and factors from micro level.It is found that compared with citizen workers,rural migrant workers are faced with lacking of labour contract in a more obvious degree.In terms of factors,the influence of individual characteristics,human capital,social capital and employment characteristics on their signing labour contract reveals differences to some extent,which shows as gender only has significant influence on citizen workers signing labour contract,and union has different influence on rural migrant workers and citizen workers.Fifth,the thesis compares rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' employment satisfaction and factors from micro level.Due to different reference group,rural migrant workers' employment expectancy relatively matches their real employment status,therefore rural migrant workers' employment quality is higher than their urban counterparts.In terms of factors,the influence of individual characteristics,human capital,social capital,employment characteristics and regional characteristic on rural migrant workers' and citizen workers' employment quality reveals differences to some extent,which show as educational level,vocational level and area only have significant influence on citizen workers,while working time only has significant influence on rural migrant workers.Last,combined with China's society and economy development situation and main problem of improving rural migrant workers' employment quality,the paper put forward suggestions as follows: establish rural migrant workers' wage growth mechanism,strength the construction of labour union in non-public unis and improve employment pattern in construction industry.