A Study On Chinese Male Marriage Squeeze

The male marriage squeeze exists in many countries around the world,but China is the worst.With the population of high sex ratio at birth entering the marriage market since 1980 s,the male marriage squeeze is the social norm in China for a long time to come.The population social,economic,health and cultural risks of China's male marriage squeeze will be felt at the individual,family,community,national and international levels.Therefore,the study of Chinese male marriage squeeze has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on the literature review of marriage squeeze and related theories at home and abroad,this paper systematically analyzes the formation mechanism of male marriage squeeze in China from three aspects: the imbalance of gender structure,the fluctuation of age structure and the marriage pattern of age difference between couples,detailed analysis of the static marriage squeeze in founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China and the dynamic marriage squeeze in the past 40 years of reform and opening up,and the urban-rural differences,regional differences,educational differences and occupational differences of never-married male marriage squeeze in the first marriage market.Finally,on the basis of fully considering the effect of the "comprehensive two-child policy" and the gender difference in the process of rural-urban population transfer,the paper constructs a discrete urban-rural never-married population development equation,which is based on the 2010 national population census data,the data of age-sex structure of never-married population in China from 2011 to 2060 are predicted by setting parameters reasonably,and the trend of never-married male marriage squeeze and the urban-rural differences in China is analyzed.There are four main findings in this paper.First,from 2010 to 2060,the national never-married male marriage squeeze first intensified and then slowed down.The results show that the unbalanced gender structure of never-married population is the main factor leading to the never-married male marriage squeeze."comprehensive two-child" policy is conducive to the gender structure and age structure of both sides to promote the future marriage market "supply and demand" balance.Second,from2010 to 2060,the urban-rural difference of never-married male marriage squeeze firstly increased and then decreased.The results show that the gender structure of never-married population in urban and rural areas is the main factor influencing the urban-rural of the elder never-married male marriage squeeze.Third,from 2010 to2060,the number of longlife never-married male aged 50 or above in China and in urban and rural areas increased rapidly,and the difference in the proportion of longlife never-married male in urban and rural areas kept widening.Fourth,period analysis and cohort analysis found that rural "00 later" elder never-married males will face serious marriage squeeze.This is the cumulative effect of the age gradient and the urban-rural gradient in the process of marriage.Based on the above research conclusions,the paper proposes four policy Suggestions to deal with the male marriage squeeze and its consequences in China.First,while improving the status of female and promoting gender equality,the government should pay special attention to the gender equality of disadvantaged male in rural areas and solve their practical difficulties.Second,the government should attach great importance to the old-age security and social support of the rural never-married male population.Third,governments at all levels should introduce relevant supporting measures as soon as possible to improve the effect of the comprehensive two-child policy,promoting balanced development of population.Fourth,the government should attach great importance to the adverse impact of rural-urban population transfer on rural marriage market when formulating urbanization policies.