| Since the reform and opening up,the development of China's private higher education institutions has entered the track of rapid development,meeting the needs of different groups of people for higher education,during which time remarkable achievements have been made and have become an important support for the cause of higher education in China.The crisis also lies behind the great achievements and the categorization of private universities as non-profit social organizations under unified management,which clearly does not conform to the basic laws of development,since most private universities maintain their profitability.In order to better classify and manage private colleges and universities,the newly amended Law on the Promotion of Private Education in 2019 proposes the classification and management of private colleges and universities,and implements the classification and management of non-profit and for-profit schools,and the implementation of the classification and management policy provides strong policy support and guidance for the development of private colleges and universities.However,after the classification and management,the risks faced by private higher education,especially for-profit private higher education,are gradually complicated.Compared with the risks faced by public higher education and non-profit private higher education,the risks faced by for-profit private higher education have the common characteristics of general risks,such as the objectivity,variability,uncertainty,duality,potential and other characteristics of risks,but as for-profit private higher education,it has its own characteristics that are different from the risks faced by non-profit higher education,such as more serious urgency,complexity,social sensitivity and group nature.Unlike public institutions of higher education,for-profit private institutions of higher education are self-financing,self-sustaining and customer-supported institutions of higher education,which exhibit the characteristics of self-financing,investment,quasi-market operation and strong autonomy and flexible operation mechanisms.This development path and special way of life,which is completely different from that of public universities,make it easier for private,for-profit universities to run more risky courses under classified management.Among these risks,there are five major risks that deserve attention,which are management decision risk,financial risk,quality of education,policy and regulation risk,market risk(including student market risk,education market risk,employment market risk),etc.If these risks are not properly addressed and responded to,there is a high probability that they will become problems and even affect the development and survival of for-profit,privately run universities.Based on the above considerations,this study systematically and meticulously analyzes the operation and management risks faced by for-profit private universities after classification and management,and makes targeted recommendations based on specific issues.Its findings are as follows.(1)Detailed sorting out the contents of the classification and management of private colleges and universities and the choice of business direction for private colleges and universities after classification and management.First of all,the deployment and promotion process of the classification management policy is elaborated,and the content of the classification management of private education,especially the differences between for-profit and non-profit private universities under the classification management,is analyzed in detail.At the same time,the uniqueness of for-profit private colleges and universities under classified management is further refined.Secondly,interviews were conducted with the heads of more than 50 private universities in the country in order to understand and grasp the tendency of these private universities to choose their schools.It was eventually found that 30 of the 50 or so heads of privately run colleges and universities interviewed indicated that their schools currently prefer to operate on a for-profit basis,but were not explicitly registered.At the same time,through the elaboration and collection of information by more than 50 managers,we summarize the current development of private universities under the classification and management system.To provide a more scientific basis for the analysis of the operating environment of for-profit private colleges and universities under classified management.(2)The analysis and distillation of the business risks faced by for-profit private colleges and universities under categorical management and the drivers of those risks.On the basis of the relevant research results,and in accordance with the specific provisions of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education,the business risks faced by profit-making private colleges and universities under the conditions of classification and management have been combed and extracted in conjunction with the actual management of private colleges and universities.According to the general process of management,the main risks faced by profit-making private colleges and universities under categorical management are policy and regulation risks,management decision risks,quality risks,financial risks and market risks.These five types of risks are interrelated and mutually reinforcing,and neglecting one of them may lead to the deterioration of the other risks,which in turn may affect the sustainable development of for-profit,privately run universities.Therefore,these risks should be addressed and addressed in an integrated and systematic manner,and no one should be left out.On the basis of combing through the associated risks,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the internal and external causes of these risks,which also provides a solid theoretical basis for dealing with these risks.(3)An empirical analysis determined the degree of variation in importance of the above five management risks.Although the above five risks are important for the normal development of for-profit private colleges and universities under classified management conditions,the level of importance of each risk is not uniform,and it is clearly inefficient to manage these risks equally,and given the limited management resources,the management should be classified for different levels of importance to achieve the best management efficiency.Based on this,an empirical analysis of the risks of operatingfor-profit private colleges and universities under categorical management was conducted using the data of 30 private colleges and universities interviewed that tend to choose for-profit operation as an example.By establishing a risk indicator evaluation system for for-profit private colleges and universities,and fully applying factor analysis,many factors affecting the risk of private colleges and universities operating for profit are categorized into molecules,while further applying principal component analysis,the main factors affecting the risk of private colleges and universities operating for profit are derived,providing a basis for risk prevention and control at a later stage.(4)Combining the risk management experience of foreign private universities and the development status of domestic for-profit private universities,the company proposes a targeted "three-dimensional,six-digit,integrated" management risk prevention and control system.Therefore,on the basis of combing the risk types,risk causes and determining the importance of risk,and fully learning from the successful experience of risk prevention and control and teaching quality assurance in foreign higher education,this paper takes the Urban Science and Technology College of Chongqing University as an example,and proposes a "three-dimensional,six-position,integrated" management risk prevention and control system,which makes targeted recommendations on the risk prevention and control of for-profit private higher education institutions from multiple angles and in all aspects,and provides reference for the risk prevention and control of other domestic private higher education institutions.It has also designed a practical quality assurance mechanism to reduce risks from the point of view of teaching quality.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following four points: First,the relevant concepts and theories of risk prevention are applied to the management of private universities after the implementation of classified management,and the advanced risk management theory is fully utilized to analyze and solve the risk problems of private universities in China,especially the for-profit private universities under classified management.Secondly,a comprehensive and systematic analysis and elaboration of the types of risks and causes of China's privately run universities,especially for-profit privately run universities,has been made under classified management.Thirdly,using the example of30 privately run institutions of higher education that tend to choose for-profit operation,the factor analysis method was used to empirically assess the various types of risks and the combined risks of the30 privately run institutions of higher education.Fourth,it has creatively proposed a risk prevention and control mechanism for profit-making private universities,that is,a "three-dimensional six-in-one" risk prevention and control mechanism,which provides reference for risk prevention and control of private universities in China. |
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