| Since the reform and opening up,China had made remarkable achievements in its rapid economic development and become the world's second largest economy.Caifang,Lipeilin and many other scholars believed that China's rapid economic development had largely benefited from China's demographic dividend,and the sufficient labor supply had provided a solid foundation for China's economic development.However,with the long-term effective implementation of the family planning policy,China's population age structure had undergone significant changes,China's demographic dividend was increasingly disappearing,and aging and fewer children and other social problems were increasingly prominent.Since 2010,the Yangtze river delta,pearl river delta and other economically developed regions and regional central cities began to generally face the problem of insufficient labor supply,and the traditional economic growth model was severely challenged.In this context,accelerating the transformation of economic development mode,promoting technological progress and accelerating the improvement of labor production efficiency had become a necessary choice for all regions in China to cope with the fading of demographic dividend.Since the eighteenth congress,as the supply side of the structural reform continues to advance,the local "capacity,inventories,deleveraging,cost reduction,short board" produced significant results,and China's central in promoting economic development at the same time,payed more attention to economic development quality,higher quality development road become the important strategy of regional economic development.According to the Douglas production function,material capital input and labor input were two important factors of economic output,and labor input included both labor quantity input and human capital.In order to achieve high-quality development,we must accelerate the transformation from the dependence on the quantity of labor supply to the quality of labor supply.Therefore,an important aspect of promoting high-quality development is to improve the level of regional human capital and improve the quality of regional labor force.At the same time,due to the large differences in economic development,employment opportunities,history and culture,natural environment,infrastructure,climate conditions and other aspects,China's population distribution in different regions was unbalanced.In the process of economic development,population migration driven by economic factors makes the spatial characteristics of regional population agglomeration in China more obvious.The process of population agglomeration included a large number of working-age population migration for better life and employment,which to some extent delayed the disappearance of demographic dividend in the population agglomeration area,and a large number of highly skilled population agglomeration also improved the level of human capital in the agglomeration area.However,whether population agglomeration could promote the increase of regional labor productivity,and how to promote the increase of regional labor productivity was still a problem to be studied in depth.In this paper,the related theories and literature review at home and abroad,on the basis of to investigate the relationship between the population agglomeration and regional labor productivity change,establish multiple empirical model research of China's population agglomeration effects on regional labor productivity,and according to the research conclusion and the reality of China put forward to promote our country population concentration and countermeasures of labor productivity,reasonable paper had certain academic value and strong practical significance,especially for our country various areas to speed up achieve high quality and economic development was of important reference value.This paper mainly studied the following four aspects:One was to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of population agglomeration and labor productivity in China.Using quarterback figure,global autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation characteristics of China's population and highly skilled population spatial distribution were analyzed,and found that China's population and high population mainly concentrated in the eastern region,and by the eastern region to inland regions,decreasing the population agglomeration degree,China's population and skilled population spatial distribution has significant positive correlation,and highly skilled population agglomeration degree in recent years the rise of the model.By using range,standard deviation,coefficient of variation and other indicators to study the gap of China's labor productivity,it was found that there are significant differences in the labor productivity of China's provinces,the second industry and the third industry,and the gap had a tendency to expand.Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of China's labor productivity,it was found that the inter-provincial labor productivity had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,which were similar to the spatial distribution characteristics of population.Second,the empirical study of China's population agglomeration on inter-provincial labor productivity.Taking provincial data from 2000 to 2005 as samples,select appropriate indicators and use fixed effect model to empirically study the impact of China's population agglomeration on labor productivity.The empirical resulted show that China's population agglomeration had a significant positive impact on labor productivity.Population according to the level of education would be further divided into skilled and unskilled population,respectively,the high skills population agglomeration and low population agglomeration effect on labor productivity,found that highly skilled population agglomeration has significant positive effects on productivity,and low skill population agglomeration had no significant effect on labor productivity.Respectively to study the population agglomeration,high population concentration,low skills population agglomeration effected on different industry labor productivity,discovery of population agglomeration and skilled population agglomeration of the second industry labor productivity and the third industry had significant positive influence on labor productivity,and the effect to the promotion of the tertiary industry labor productivity labor productivity was slightly better than the second industry,and low skill population agglomeration effect was not significant,which means that each region actively implement all the policies and it was advisable to attract talents converging,this was more conducive to promoting the development of the region of the third industry,to achieve industrial upgrading,to achieve the goal of speeding up regional economic development of high quality.The third was the empirical study of China's population agglomeration on the impact of inter-provincial differences on labor productivity.Considering the huge labor productivity gap between different provinces,it was very necessary to investigate whether there were significant regional differences in the influence of population agglomeration on labor productivity and whether population agglomeration was conducive to narrowing the labor productivity gap between regions.Therefore,quantile regression model had been used to study the population agglomeration,high population concentration,low skills population agglomeration effect on labor productivity of quantile effect,found that the population agglomeration and low-skilled population agglomeration effect on labor productivity were no quantile effect,only highly skilled population agglomeration effect on labor productivity between different areas exist obvious differences,namely with the enhancing labor productivity level,the population agglomeration effect on labor productivity was smaller.Further study of skilled population agglomeration of regional differences in the effect of different industry labor productivity performance,found that highly skilled population agglomeration of the second industry labor productivity and the influence of the tertiary industry labor productivity were quantile effect,in the second industry labor productivity as the region and the third industry labor productivity level of ascension,highly skilled population agglomeration of the second industry labor productivity and the tertiary industry labor productivity of positive influence gradually smaller.Finally,the coefficient difference test model was used to study the effect of the highly skilled population agglomeration on the inter-provincial labor productivity gap in China,and it was found that the highly skilled population agglomeration can significantly reduce the inter-provincial labor productivity gap in China.The fourth was to empirically study the nonlinear effect of Chinese population agglomeration on inter-provincial labor productivity.Although it had been proved that population agglomeration had a significant positive effect on China's inter-provincial labor productivity,considering the complex mechanism of population agglomeration on labor productivity,it was necessary to study the non-linear effect of population agglomeration on China's inter-provincial labor productivity.Using threshold regression model,this paper,the proportion of people with high skills,urbanization rate,population bring-up ratio,proportion of non-agricultural employment,the social capital as the threshold variables,once again,the empirical study of China's provincial population agglomeration effect on labor productivity,the population agglomeration effect on labor productivity existed obvious threshold effect,found that the higher the skilled ratio,the higher the urbanization rate,the lower the population bring-up ratio,the higher the proportion of non-farm payrolls,the higher the level of social capital,the greater the population agglomeration to the total labor productivity boost.Using the second industry and the third industry as dependent variables,the empirical resulted confirm this conclusion again.Finally,according to the above research conclusions and the actual population and economic development in China,the paper put forward some policy Suggestions,such as further strengthening the degree of population agglomeration,promoting the implementation of the talent policy,further opening the household registration policy,improving the urbanization rate,promoting the upgrading of industrial structure,strengthening education,and saving and exchanging. |
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