Study On The Logistics Industry Of Fresh Agricultural Products In Sichuan Province

The logistics industry,an important producer service industry,linking production,exchange and consumption,is one of the most important conditions for trading activities.The logistics industry of agricultural products has played an important role in boosting agricultural economy and enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural products.Fresh agricultural products have characteristics like high water content,difficulties in keeping fresh,short shelf life,complicated and enormous cost of logistics operation,which makes the fresh agricultural products logistics especially cold chain logistics necessary.So far,China has established fresh agricultural products logistics service system,ensuring the safety and quality of fresh agricultural products,increasing farmers' income and protecting consumption safety.Sichuan Province is a major agricultural province and the only grain producing areas in Western China.In 2013,Sichuan's total economic volume and total retail sales of social consumer goods both ranked the eighth in the whole country;pork output ranked first,and vegetable production ranked fifth,so there was an urgent need to develop logistics industry of agricultural products,especially the fresh agricultural products.October,2014,Sichuan government put the logistics industry as the new leading service industry,giving prior support and development.As a big western agricultural province and inland province,fresh agricultural products logistics industry of Sichuan is still on the initial stage.Along with accelerating new urbanization and agricultural modernization,increasing fresh agricultural products demand of urban areas has led to increasing demand for logistics services.However,the existing organization and operation of agricultural products logistics industry and the logistics infrastructureare imperfect.Thus,it is necessary to study the development of the logistics industry of fresh agricultural products in Sichuan.From the perspective of the development,using SCP analysis frame of industrial economics theory,withagricultural economic theory,supply and demand chain theory,and investment and financing theory,this study theoretically analyzed interaction mechanism,industry and financing characteristics and organizationof agricultural products logistics industry and agricultural development.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this study made an empirical study in four aspects,Firstly,using 2006 to 2013 Sichuan statistical yearbookandstatistical data from Sichuan transportation bureau and health bureau,this study,according to five economic zones,analyzed supply and demand of five fresh agricultural products,and the direction and size of cross-regional fresh agricultural products logistics.Secondly,based on provincial data of Sichuan production and processing enterprises,trade circulation enterprises,logistics companies and logistics parks,wholesale markets and so on,this study employed general assessment and comprehensive assessment of analytic hierarchy process to analyze Sichuan fresh agricultural products logistics operators,carriers and running system,evaluating the development of the logistics industry in Sichuan.At the same time,this study analyzed the factors that affect the development level of agricultural logistics industry in Sichuan by employing the econometric model.Thirdly,with above mentioned data,through typical survey and cluster analysis,the study analyzed advantages and disadvantages of basic logistics models of meat,milk,aquatic product,fruits and vegetables in Sichuan five economic zones,discussing the basis of logistics mode selection for fresh agricultural products,and putting forward the optimized logistics mode of five fresh agricultural products in Sichuan five economic zones.Finally,based on sampling input data of key agricultural products logistics projects in Sichuan,the study analyzed logistics industrial investment and financing scale,structure and characteristics,pointing out the problems and reasons,and discussed the innovative investment and financing ways under different logistics modes.The main conclusions of this studywere as follows:(1)Although the imbalance of fresh agricultural products supply and demand in Sichuan has gradually reversed,the meat and vegetables still remained the most important object of fresh agricultural products logistics.In 2013 the supply of meat and vegetables were 3.7 times and 3.3 times of the demand,and dairy products,aquatic products and fruits supply is relatively insufficient,but fruit logistics showed rapid growth.(2)Main market body of Sichuan fresh agricultural products logistics industry were the production and processing enterprises and trade circulation enterprises,and development of third party logistics enterprises is seriously lagging behind.By the end of 2013,Sichuan had 276 fresh agricultural products' production and processing enterprises with registered capital of more than 10 million yuan,51 fresh agricultural products trade enterprises with registered capital of more than 10 million yuan,while the third party logistics enterprises of fresh agricultural products were fewer,mainly concentrated in the field of meat.The construction of agricultural products wholesale market was relatively perfect,while logistics park construction was falling behind.(3)Sichuan fresh agricultural products logistics service system was on its initial stage,with poor logistics infrastructure and insufficient cold chain logistics ability.Fresh agricultural products logistics in five economic zones showed multiple point and multipole development situation,and Chengdu economic zone,Sichuan northeast economic zone and southern economic zone had higher development level.In addition to Chengdu economic zone,there was obvious characteristic of regional logistics integration of northeast city group of "Nanchong-Dazhou-Guang'an-Suining" and southern city group of "Yibin-Luzhou-Neijiang-Zigong".For the factors affecting the level of logistics development,the level of economic development,the supply of fresh agricultural products and the situation of logistics channel construction about fresh agricultural products logistics transport have significant positive impact on the logistics capability.(4)Currently the logistics mode in Sichuan was led by production and processing enterprises and trade circulation enterprises,and the third party logistics enterprises were on initial stage.It is common to see logistics pattern depending on logistics parks and wholesale market.Meat and aquatic product logistics mode was mainly dominated by production and processing enterprises and trade circulation enterprises;dairy logistics mode mainly used trade circulation enterprises and processing enterprises leading mode.Fruit and vegetable logistics mode is basically the same,based on the wholesale markets and logistics parks which were as the carrier of the logistics mode.(5)Investment and financing of Sichuan fresh agricultural products logistics industry has initially formed characteristics of diverse investment subjects,continuous increase,various financing structure,reasonable distribution and so on,but there existed problems of big capital demand,financial investment shortage,small direct financing,collateral lack and so on.In accordance with the principle of "government investment and enterprise investment complementation,indirect financing and direct financing combination",this study put forward innovation financing ways such as government industrial investment fund and PPP mode,and enterprise equity financing,debt collection,financing lease and internet financing.The value and innovation were mainly reflected in the following three aspects:(1)This study regarded fresh agricultural products logistics industry as producer service industry,analyzing its status and interaction mechanism with agricultural development,revealing a decisive role of agriculture organization and characteristics to agricultural logistics industry and logistics industry's huge role in agriculture transformation and upgrading.Thus,the study made up unclear logistics problems of previous researches,promoting the integration of logistics industry and agriculture,and accelerating agricultural transformation and upgrading.(2)Using SCP analysis in fresh agricultural products logistics industry,from the perspective of supply and demand and comprehensive logistics development,the study employed key indicators,comprehensive index assessment and case analysis method to evaluate market structure and the performance of fresh agricultural products logistics industry in 21 cities of Sichuan,After the evaluation,based on the theory and research,this study selected variables to analyze the factors that affect agricultural fresh products logistics transport and capability,which help to comprehensively grasp the development of fresh agricultural products logistics industry in Sichuan and propose targeted suggestions.(3)Based on the analysis of the operation and organization modes and economies of scale of fresh agricultural product logistics industry,employing comprehensive evaluation value and cluster analysis of supply and demand,combined with five economic zones and cross-classification of five fresh products,from the perspective of organization bodies and carriers,this study put forward different logistics industry models of different categories of agricultural products in different economic regions,conducive to concentrate targeted regional markets,enhancingdifferentiation of enterprise services and improving the market performance.