| In China,land-expropriated farmer is a special social group produced in tandem with the fast growing process of urbanization.China’s land requisition system is conducted by a top-down manner.Although current studies are much concerned about urban integration and urban identity of land-expropriated farmers,most of the research is focused on the benefit loss and policy estimation than the human themselves.From the practical point of view,,land not only is the means of production for China’s farmers,but also is mixed with culture,behavior culture,psychological culture and so on.So we should attach the same importance to the psychological change as to the transformation on physical environment brought by land requisition policy.As the Central Working Conference of Urbanization pointed out,the future rural area ought to be surrounded by mountains and lakes,and be remembered in people’s homesickness.It reflects the people-oriented policy level of urbanization connotation is being more and more valued.Then,we want to explore the following main questions.What is the meaning of such emotion between land-expropriated farmer and land?What are the characteristics of such emotion?How can we identity the changes of land attachment caused by land requisition policy?How can we measure the changes?Does the land means more deep sentiment to human beings,especially to the land-expropriated farmer?Generally speaking,although current research of land requisition from economic and policy perspective could help to realize the visible loss,it still cannot help to answer the invisible questions mentioned above.After summarizing the existing research,we can find that the emotion between human and land exist widely.However,study from human geography perspective is not enough.Current research on human-emotion showed scattered characteristics.So,this study refers to place attachment theory in order to clarify the meaning of land attachment.Wuxi,a developed city in south of Jiangsu province is chosen as the case study area for the reason that it has experienced a typical process of land requisition with varied urbanization stages.The main purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of land attachment,to reveal the mechanism of change of land attachment caused by land requisition policy,and to reveal the nature of land as to land-expropriated farmer.To solve the above research questions,both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in this research.Firstly,for its advantages in revealing the essence and meaning,qualitative methods such as in-depth interview and content analysis method based on the utterance system of land-expropriated farmer is used.NVIVO combined with rooted theory is employed to analyze the concept of land attachment and characteristics.Secondly,study on the measurement of land attachment is conducted on the basis of the earlier quantitative research.And,SPSS are used to do exploratory factor analysis.SEM is good at studying multi-dimension relationship among variables.Thirdly,we applied CVM and Tobit model to study the impact of land attachment on land-expropriation reaction(WTA),.Lastly,the effect of land loss to human essence is studied from critical of everyday life perspective.Several conclusions are obtained from this research.(1)Land attachment refers to a positive emotional relationship between land-expropriated farmer and the land they once possessed.Seven factors are separately named as land rights,land culture,land appurtenance,land lifestyle,social relationship,land rootedness,and land economics.We also reveal that land attachment has the characteristics of the social,historical and dynamic.(2)Land attachment from quantitative research shows two dimensions which are land dependence and land identity.EFA results show the good questionnaire structure validity.Five factors are independent variables,which are estimation of policy,shortage of living space,advantage of living space,land rootedness and agricultural properties.Then we constructed an influent routine between dependent variables and independent variables.The results show that land dependence factor is positive influenced by rootedness and shortage of living space,and negative influenced by estimation of policy and advantage of space.Land identity is positive influenced by rootedness and agricultural properties.And land identity is influenced by land dependence.(3)The results of WTA analysis show that the main dimensions affecting WTA remain as economic and policy.There are limited influences of land attachment to WTA.(4)The results of critical of everyday life show that land requisition system produced the phenomenon of alienation.However,human is active against with alienation,although limited by rules in everyday life.The alienation could be reflected from the relationship between human and land,and the interaction between human each other.This study has two aspects of implications.First,land attachment could expand the topic of place attachment in human geography.Second,it would provide the foundation for future research to analyse land attachment from the results of this study,for example,the methods combining qualitative and quantitative research,the concept of land attachment,and the measurement of land attachment. |
