Study On The Optimization Of Rural Settlements Layout Considering The Basic Public Services

Since the 13th Five-Year plan,China has entered the decisive stage of building a moderately prosperous society.With the rapid development of urbanization and the transformation and upgrading of urban and rural areas,restructure of spatial pattern on rural population and settlement has been accelerated.With the implementation of Plans such as the National Land Remediation Planning(2011～2015),National New Urbanization(2014～2020),urbanization has been promoted to a new strategic level and rural land consolidation and rehabilitation work has been widely carried out.But for a long time,the rural residential space was in a chaos and disorder state for some problems,such as the declining of rural self-development ability,the expanding of development gap between urban and rural areas,and shortage of rural public service.Conflicts between man and land caused by extensive and low-efficiency land use,messy layout,blindly occupation of farmland,and unreasonable hierarchical structure,have become the barrier to the construction of new socialist countryside.How to improve the living and producing conditions of rural residents and promote the equalization of basic public services in rural areas through keeping the balance between urban and rural areas,arranging urban and rural construction reasonably and relocation the rural settlements has become a realistic problem of rural land consolidation and rehabilitation.Rural settlements which are an integrated carrier of production,living,communication and cultural inheritance for rural residents,are key material form representing Man-land relationship in rural areas.It is also the essential research area of rural settlement geography.On the basis of exploring the spatial pattern and evolution mechanism,this research which is on the optimization of rural settlements’ spatial pattern is necessary for the construction of new socialist countryside and urban-rural integration.Under the support of NSFC,this research took Xishui County as the study area,which is a typical hilly agricultural area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Along with principal line including spatial pattern of rural settlements and the basic public services,accessibility and spatial pattern optimization,the dissertation found the problems of present situation of land use,spatial distribution pattern,and shortage of basic public services from the spatial interaction perspective.It set up a village quality evaluation system and residential potential evaluation system of rural settlements in different dimensions by building the gravity model and living field potential model based on the rural settlements’ development potential and residential utility.It also revealed the optimization hierarchical structure system of rural settlements,and presented the spatial optimization orientations and regulation directions of different sorts of rural settlements.In the end,this thesis proposed an optimal spatial distribution plan of rural settlements by genetic algorithm,and in this way the basic theory and application model of hilly agricultural area along the Yangtze river was explored.Xishui County is a major Population,agriculture and labor export counties along the Yangtze River.It is a typical county unit with Plains,hills and mountains in Yangtze River Economic Belt.Heterogeneity and complexity of its Physical geography and economic geography is helpful for the research and model building.Study on the optimization of its rural settlement layout is necessary for improving the living conditions and environment of rural residents,promoting equalization of them to basic public services,intensive use of rural land,alleviate the increasingly prominent conflicts between man and land,which have important significance for the construction of new socialist countryside and improvement of rural land-use.This study consists of seven chapters:Chapter one:Introduction.Based on the realistic background of the rapid urbanization and the reality of the development and upgrading of urban and rural transformation in China with the theoretical background of the development of rural geography,the theoretical and practical significance of this study has been clarified.Meanwhile,this chapter presented the research objectives,content system and research methods and technical routine and the general situation of the case area,the method of data processing and the causes of this research have been introduced in this chapter as well.Chapter two:Theories and research progresses.On the basis of analyzing the connotation of related concepts,the specific objects of this study were defined.This chapter summarized the theories and models of the evolution and layout optimization of rural settlements,theories of accessibility and equalization of public services,and the basic theory of the optimal layout of rural settlements.Meanwhile,this chapter combed the research progress of distribution characteristics and evolution mechanism of rural settlements,suitability assessment and land consolidation,spatial optimization and genetic algorithm on allocation of land use,accessibility and equalization of public services.Then the review of the studies has been made.Chapter three:Spatial pattern,evolution mechanism and potential estimation of rural settlements in case area.Based on ArcGIS10.2,This chapter combed the present situation and problems of rural settlements from spatial perspective.In this chapter,after the analysis of distribution density,land use pattern,spatial variability,pattern type,quantitative evolution and landscape pattern,the orientation mechanism of rural settlements’ spatial pattern has been identified.Then distribution influencing factors and land use evolution mechanism has been detected with Geodetector and logistics regression.Based on the former findings,this chapter estimated the consolidation potential of rural settlements and divided land consolidation areas with improved potential model in the case area.Chapter four:Spatial pattern of basic public services,service capability and accessibility measurement in case area.Based on the field investigation,this chapter summarized the basic public service development,supply scale and distribution of the case area to find the existing problems and the preference of rural residents in choosing public services.The spatial pattern of basic public services,the minimum time of commuting and service area were also explored in the interaction perspective.This chapter explored the spatial distance decay of public service supply capacity and the scale of rural residents’ demand through the comparative analysis of the potential model and the improved 2SFCA.In the end,the public service accessibility pattern and service shortage area of rural settlements has been determined.Chapter five:Spatial reconstruction of rural settlements in case area based on the gravity of villages and small towns and residential potential.In this chapter,comprehensive evaluation on the quality of villages and towns and the Tmulti dimension residential potential has been made with AHP,OWA semantic model,improved gravity model and residential potential model from the perspective of development potential and residential utility.Then this chapter made a system clustering analysis of the gravity of villages and small towns and residential potential,and determined the hierarchical structure of "Urbanizing Village-Central Village-Basic Village-Relocating Village".Optimization guidelines and spatial reconstruction direction of each kind village were specified and visualized in the end.Chapter six:Determination of the optimal layout plan of rural settlements.According to the former results,this chapter assessed the layout suitability through improved TOPSIS Model based on the optimized hierarchical structure with the constraint of the void index and the space restriction.Then,this chapter proposed the optimal layout plan of rural settlements with writing genetic algorithm code and their suitability and concentration.Chapter seven:Conclusions and Prospects.This chapter summarized the main conclusions and possible innovations of this study.Then,this chapter pointed out the shortcomings of this study and look forward to further study of this research.Research shows that:(1)There are seriouse problems and significant spatial structure variation of the rural land use in Xishui.The spatial distribution and land use evolution were influenced and driven by various internal and external factors.(2)The spatial pattern,scale hierarchy and service capacity of basic public services were very different among areas.The accessibility of rural settlements to basic public services presented a gradient difference trend.(3)Optimization guidelines,scale hierarchy structure and spatial development and regulation directions of rural settlements in Xishui were revealed through the evaluation,mearement and algorithm development.Finally,an optimal spatial distribution plan of rural settlements were proposed intelligently.