Research On Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Optimization Of Rural Public Welfare Service Facilities

As a basic service facility to protect residents' lives,public welfare service facilities are the material manifestation of the government providing public service products to residents.Its rational layout is of great significance for scientifically guiding the flow of urban and rural population,narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas,and realizing the equalization of urban and rural public services.However,affected by the dual economic factors of urban and rural areas,there are still many contradictions and problems between the supply and demand of rural public welfare service facilities.This not only fails to meet the basic living needs of farmers,but also affects the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.Therefore,on the basis of summarizing the research on public service facilities at home and abroad,this paper takes four types of public service facilities,such as educational facilities,medical and health facilities,cultural and sports facilities and old-age welfare facilities,as the research object,and adopts participatory rural assessment(PRA).Mathematical statistics,GIS spatial analysis and other methods,based on the case study of Mei County in Baoji City,based on the analysis of the development status of rural public service facilities,quantitative analysis of the spatial layout characteristics and impact mechanism of rural public service facilities,and proposed Sexual spatial layout optimization strategy.The main conclusions of this paper include the following aspects:(1)Analysis of the evolution of the supply model of public service facilities in different stages of social and economic development will help to reveal the problems and mechanisms of the current public welfare service facilities in rural areas.Therefore,systematically analyze the types and quantities of facilities at different stages of development.The construction level,the main body of construction and other factors,the development of rural public service facilities is divided into three stages: the germination period(1949-1978),the rapid development period(1978-2005)and the steady improvement period(2005-present).Based on the comparative analysis of supply status and demand characteristics,it is considered that the current rural public welfare service facilities have problems such as low level of configuration,gaps in supply and shortage of construction funds.(2)The spatial layout of rural public service facilities has the characteristics of "declining circles and significant regional differences" and "space gathering and obvious differences in categories".That is to say,the spatial distribution forms a decreasing pattern of the radiation radiating to the periphery with the county town and the township as the core,and the gap between the towns is significant;at the same time,the spatial distribution presents the characteristics of agglomeration distribution,and the degree of concentration between the four types of public welfare service facilities,It is gradually reduced in the order of educational facilities,cultural and sports facilities,medical and health facilities,and old-age welfare facilities.(3)The population threshold and facility accessibility of facilities supply are the basic rules for the spatial distribution of rural public welfare service facilities,while administrative management is based on economic development,adapting to the basic demands of social change,and the logical threshold of "threshold-reachability".The spatial reproduction of the facility is the result of a combination of economic development,social change,administrative management,population size and road traffic.Among them,economic development is the basic guarantee for the spatial layout of rural public service facilities;social change is the transformational driving force for the spatial layout of rural public service facilities;administrative management is the external intervention of the spatial layout of rural public service facilities;population size is rural public welfare The threshold of service space layout;road traffic is the support of the spatial layout of rural public service facilities.(4)Guided by the problem,according to the basic principles of "intensive promotion,social equity,efficient operation,urban and rural planning,and joint construction and sharing",the hierarchical construction system of "central villages-grassroots villages" and the classification according to different categories are proposed.The system was built,and combined with the actual development of Mei County,a targeted spatial layout optimization strategy was proposed.