A Study On Spatial Evolution Of Rural Settlements And The Optimization Of Location

With the rapid development of social economy，the ways of productionand living style of farmers have been changed a lot. In some extent, these changeshave promoted the changes of rural residents’ spatial layout, make it show thescattered layout. Coupled with the lack of standardized planning guide, the landresources have been wasted a lot.The contradiction between people and land resourcein rural areas have been becoming prominent.Therefore, combining with the currenteconomic and social development. It has significant implications for the conservationof land resources, coordination of people and land relations, urban and ruraldevelopment to carry out the related research of rural residential land utilization.In this paper, taking Gongyi city in Henan province as an example, it elaboratesthe number and landscape feature of rural residents’ spatial evolution in1990-2011which respectively from the angle of land use and landscape change based on thetheoretical connotation of land-use and landscape ecology etc and fully draw onrelevant research results at home and abroad. Select the driving factors which maycause rural residents’ spatial change qualitatively and analyse the correlation amongvarious factors and then construct the stepwise regression fitting equation. Itestablishes CA-Markov prediction model to simulate the structure and spatialdistribution of rural residential land in2020combining the driving factors and theconditions of land use planning. It introduces land-use change trends index to extractthe principal components on development potential of the villages considering thecharacteristic of rural residents, the current situation, the driving factors and the futuredevelopment states. It sets the potential region for village through cluster analysis. Itdivides their influence space based on Weighted Voronoi to decide the migrationscope and realize the layout optimization of villages after fine-tuning the preliminaryplan from location an scale. Finally, it makes a contrast test about before and afteroptimization to show the scientific of the optimize results.Throughout my study, I draw some conclusions as follows:(1)The rural residential land is in the "rally" state and bilateral switchingfrequently, having the tends of unbalanced posture. The types of roll-out mainly turnto farmland, agro-land, urban construction land. The types of roll-in mainly areshifted into by farmland. The rate of transferred contribution is much greater than theroll-out the contribution.(2)The rate of relative change of rural residential areas in Gongyi city hasobvious difference in the aspects of spatial distribution, landforms, and theadministrative regions. (3)The landscape features of rural residents’ spatial pattern is both centralizedlarge-scale and local decentralized, and shows significant regional differences.(4)According to the contribution of driving factors which arouse the areaincrease of villages, they respectively are village initial size, GDP, agricultural area,distance to the town. It is negative correlated to distance to the town and positivelyrelated to the rest. According to the contribution of driving factors which arouse thearea decrease of villages, they respectively are village initial size, slope, population,agricultural area. It is negative correlated to the population and positively related tothe rest.(5)Under the control of the planning, in the future, the scales of rural residents inthe state are of slow reduction and presents a balanced posture. It begins to develop inthe direction of intensive, aggregation. The regional difference between patch scaledecreases and the shape becomes more and more regular.(6)The Gongyi city is divided into four potential partitions: The key layout area--Appropriate layout area—Limited layout area--Priority Layout area. After adjusting,it constructs a village system of3grades: Town-Village Center-Grass-roots Village.(7)Comparing to the layout of the situation before and after optimization, theoptimized village space layout tends to be more evenly distributed. It is moreadvantageous to play the role of radiating as a center.