Research On Innovation Efficiency And Efficiency Improving Path Of China Western Typical Cities

Innovation is the soul of scientific development,and economic development and economic structural adjustment and optimization need to be driven by innovation.The economy is moving towards globalization in the 21 th century.With the rise of knowledge economy,the competition between countries is increasing.Innovation is the key factor in international competition,which determines the comprehensive competitiveness of a country or region.The city gathers the main part of national innovation resources,and the innovation activity is mainly active in each city.There are 338 prefecture-level cities in China.Cities can contribute more than 60 percent of the economy and more than 80 percent of taxes,accounting for more than 90 percent of universities and research resources of the country.The comprehensive ability of the city determines the comprehensive ability of a country,and the innovation decides the comprehensive ability of a city.The goal of building an innovation-oriented country is to have a large number of innovative cities.The construction of the national innovation system and the development of the city requires the construction of an innovative city.City innovation construction can promote the transformation of city development mode and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of cities.Innovation is the core requirement of city development.Differences in the distribution of natural resources,social economic foundation and the policies and regulations of each city lead to not only the obvious differences between the city technology innovation investment,and output effect brought by the technology innovation.Due to historical development,the western region of China is sparsely distributed with small scale,and many areas still have problems of transportation inconvenience and lack of information.Many cities still belong to underdeveloped areas.Most western cities still have a long way to go to build an innovative city,and the level of innovation in western cities is far from that of eastern cities.Increasing innovation input can drive the development of western city innovation to a certain extent,however,with the development of knowledge economy,the investment innovation development route has not adapted to the requirements of the new era.How to produce as many innovations as possible in the innovation input that is suitable to the economic society of western cities,how to develop urban innovation and how to improve the efficiency of innovation should be more concerned.Therefore,this paper selects the innovation of western typical cities as the study object.The contents and conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)Introducing the background and significance of the thesis.Then describing the research status of regional innovation system,innovation evaluation,innovation influence factor analysis and western city innovation and points out the shortcomings of existing research.The existing literature in the urban innovation system in the western region,the research on the innovation efficiency evaluation method and the research on the influencing factors of the innovation efficiency are insufficient.The necessity of this study is clarified,and the research objectives,research methods and technical route are determined.(2)Based on the research content,this paper defines the concept of innovation.The innovation theory,innovation system theory and efficiency theory are presented to carry on the theory foundation for subsequent research.Analyzing the composition,environment,operation and current situation of the innovation system in the western typical cities,and comparing the innovation gap with eastern typical cities.It points out the western typical city innovation in both the innovation input,innovation output and environmental aspects,are behind the eastern,central typical cities.Restricted by social and economic basic conditions in western regions,how to produce as many innovations as possible in the innovation input that is adapted to the economic society,how to develop urban innovation and how to improve the efficiency of innovation should be more concerned.(3)Dividing the innovation activities into two stages—technological innovation and economic transformation,from the perspective of innovation value chain.The innovation efficiency of wenstern typical cities from 2009 to 2015 is evaluated by the two-stage super-fficiency DEA model.The efficiency calculation results shows that the overall efficiency and technological innocation of western typical cities has been improved during recent 5 years.The decrease of economic transformation efficiency is the main reason for the decline or slow growth in the overall efficiency.The innovation efficiency gap between western typical cities is obvious.Through the two dimensional stage efficiency diagrams,they can be divided into four types: high research efficiency and high transformation efficiency type,high research efficiency and low transformation efficiency type,low research efficiency and high transformation efficiency type,low research efficiency and low transformation efficiency type.(4)Aanalyzes the influence factors of innovation efficiency qualitatively and constructs the PLS-SEM model and path hypothesizes.Empirical analysis is carried out using the efficiency measurement results in Chapter 3.The innovation efficiency influencing factors and influencing relationships are analyzed from the aspects of innovation environment,innovator charareristics and innovation communication,using PCA and PLS-SEM methods.Innovator charareristics and innovation communication factors are the main direct innovation influencing factors in western typical cities and innovation environment has an indirect effect on innovation efficiency through the former two aspects.The efficiency of technological innovation is influenced greatly by the characteristics of the innovator charareristics and the economic transformation efficiency is greatly influenced by the innovation communication factors.The differences among innovation environment,innovator charareristics and innovation communication are the main reasons for the gap of innovation efficiency in western typical cities.(5)Based on the analysis of influencing factors,the dynamic model of typical city innovation system in western China was constructed to discuss the innovation influence factors' s influencing mechanism and effectiveness,to provide theoretical reference for the establishment of policy recommendations.The simulation results show that,the main factors of innovation environment,innovator charareristics and innovation communication all have obvious influence on innovation.The improvement of key factors can improve the innovation achievement and economic income in different degrees,which can provide practical operation and optimization management suggestions for relevant policy measures.(6)Dividing the western typical cities into five categories through Q cluster analysis.From the innovation efficiency,the innovation environment factors,the innovation subject characteristic factors,the innovation communication factors,the paper analyses the characteristics of the five types of cities.Finally,based on the previous research conclusions and city characteristics,suggestions on how to improve the innovation efficiency of various cities are presented.Huhehaote,Yinchuan,Baotou and Wulumuqi should enhance the government's innovation support;attach importance to knowledge innovation and seize the high point of innovation;promote open innovation and actively carry out scientific and technological cooperation.Chengdu,Guiyang,Kunming and Lanzhou should strengthen the status of enterprise innovation;promote the integration process of "industry-university-research" in view of the construction of universities and research institutions;optimize the urban innovation environment and implement green development and innovation.Nanning,Xining,Zunyi and Baoji should take advantage of the region and build a distinctive urban innovation system;play the leading role of government;strengthen innovation infrastructure.Chongqing should focus on technological innovation in key areas;build more research institutions and strengthen the role of innovation in research institutions.Xian should take full advantages of science and education resources;strengthen the cooperation between industry and universities;improve the independent innovation capacity of enterpises.The main research contributions of this dissertation are as follows:(1)The paper divides the innovation activities into two stages—technological innovation and economic transformation from the perspective of innovation value chain and evaluates the innovation efficiency of of wenstern typical cities from 2011 to 2015 by the two-stage super-fficiency DEA model,which is built combining the network DEA model and the super efficiency DEA.(2)The paer summarizes the influence factors of innovation efficiency in western typical cities,basing on innovation theory and previous research.The innovation efficiency influencing factors and influencing relationships are analyzed from the aspects of innovation environment,innovator charareristics and innovation communication,using PCA and PLS-SEM methods.(3)The western typical cities are divided into five categories.Different suggestions on how to improve the innovation efficiency in various cities are put forward,combining with the research conclusions and the different characteristics of the cities.