| China's economic development has made great achievements all over the world since reform and opening up.In 2010 China's economic aggregate surpassed Japan and became the world's second largest economy;China's industrial development momentum is also relatively strong,China's industrial GDP reached 5.8 trillion dollar in 2012 and was among the top of the world.Rely on elements drive and investment drive,China has crossed the '"poverty trap" successfully,shifted from low-income countries into the ranks of middle-income countries.But there has serious concern behind the brilliant achievements:the scale of economic aggregate is very big but the output per capital is very low;the economic growth is fast but economic development quality is not high;the industrial development is rapid but its followed by high input,high consumption and high pollution;most companies lack the support of core technology and then they are not competitive in the global industrial chain.The industrial economic high-speed growth depends on high investment of factors is unsustainable because the low cost of labor has been losing and the marginal return to capital is weakening.In this case,the path of relying on technological innovation to achieve high quality of the industry growth becomes the inevitable choice.In the backdrop of changes in global factor endowments,China must transfer the central point of industrial economic development to how to promote the quality of economic growth,and seek a new way of development,implement the shift form a large industrial country to a industrial power.Technology innovation is the source of industrial sustainable development,the motive force of social development,and one focus in the "Thirteenth Five-year Plan" of China.Backward countries can realize technological progress through two kinds of technology innovation path:one is the independent research and development;the second is technology import and the secondary innovation on this basis.The two paths each have advantages and disadvantages,independent research and development can improve the technological innovation ability of enterprises fundamentally,but uncertainty and greater risk scared some enterprises off whose technical ability and the economic basis are poor;the threshold of the technology import is low,but it has limit action to improve the technology core competitiveness.Look from the development of China's large and medium-sized industrial enterprises,China increase investment of independent research and development,foreign technology import and the domestic technology purchase funds since 2000,but it shows obvious regional difference,eastern regions gather more technological innovation resources and the technical innovation investment between different sectors also shows inconsistencies.So,which kind of technological innovation path has more significant effect to innovation output?Should the government encourage enterprises to implement the innovation output increase through independent research and development or technology import?What kind of technological innovation efficiency trend shows in different area and different industry?Further,we need to study the choice of China's industrial technological innovation path,recognize the circumstances of industry technology innovation path selection in different area and different industry.In this paper,we first study the general mechanism of how technological innovation promote industrial development,then research the dynamic variation characteristic of independent research and development and technology import systematically,then use China's provincial balanced panel data from 2000 to 2014 and industrial balanced panel data from 2005 to 2014 to research technological innovation path selection and measure the total factor productivity of technological innovation,the following conclusions are achieved:Firstly,independent research and development plays a significant role on innovation output whether from the area or from the manufacturing sector,and the influence degree of independent research and development on patent output is less than the influence of the new product output in regional scale,in manufacturing industry the result is opposite,the influence degree of independent research and development on patent output is greater than the influence of the new product output.In addition,the path of domestic technology purchased can significantly promote the patent output,but the path of foreign technology import has negative influence on the patent output in regional scale,and in manufacturing industry the path of foreign technology import has positive influence on patent output.Secondly,the effect of independent research and development on the innovation output is greater than the effect of technology import both in eastern and central regions and the manufacturing industry,the independent research and development can't significantly promote innovation output in the western region.In eastern and western regions we can improve innovation output by the form of technology import,technology import mainly can lead to the increase of patent output in the eastern region,while in the western region there is a bigger influence on new product sales revenue.From the estimation result in manufacturing industries,the independent research and development playes a bigger role on innovation output than technology import.In general,no matter how important is technology import to innovation output,independent research and development has played a more important role than technology import within the region and industry in which independent research and development has significantly impact on patent and new product output.Thirdly,the digestion and absorption ability of technology import in China shows obvious regional and industrial difference.There has a significant substitution effect between independent research and development form and the technology import form in eastern and middle regions,but the substitution effect is not significant in the western region.From the perspective of new product output,the ability of digestion and absorption of independent research and development on technology import can remarkably improve the output in middle region.The digestion and absorption effect of advanced technology in the manufacturing industry in China have different effects in two types of innovation outputs.For patent output,the digestion and absorption of technology import cannot promote the increase of patent output no matter the elasticity of R&D is high or low.For new product output,the digestion and absorption of domestic technology purchase has promoting effect in manufacturing industries whose elasticity of R&D is low.Fourthly,the increase of proportion of R&D staff in practitioners doesn't have significant role in the promotion of the regional innovation output and it shows obvious regional differences,and the effect is more obvious in manufacturing industries whose elasticity of R&D is high.The number of technology developers is increasing in Chinese industry,the proportion also rises,but the high quality innovative personnel whose structure of knowledge skill is reasonable is relatively lack from the scope of the national perspective,the free flow of R&D personnel and the differences between regions,industry all lead to unbalanced distribution on research and development personnel,more and more high-quality innovative personnel flow to the economically developed areas and high technological industries.Fifthly,the Chinese industries' total factor productivity of technology innovation is rising,and the growth source of promoting technology innovation TFP is the effect of technology progress.From regional perspective,China's three major regional industrial innovation TFP all shows a tendency of growth and the main motivation is technology progress both.The eastern region's industry has innovation scale,but without economic scale;the middle region's efficiency of innovation resources is not high,we need to improve the allocation of innovation resources in the central region further.In the western region we have to expand the scale of the innovation to improve the total factor productivity growth.From industrial perspective,all two types of manufacturing industry have increasing innovation TFP due to technology progress.We should pay attention to the improvement of technical efficiency in higher input intensity industries.And expand the scale of the innovation to improve the total factor productivity growth in lower R&D input intensity industry.Sixthly,the independent research and development and technology import is dynamic.China belongs to backward country in the technology level,the innovation output can increase by all two paths and the two forms of technological innovation path can be mutual conversion.Independent research and development innovation form which is based on own effort pays more attention to the height of the technology innovation;technology import which is based on the external knowledge pays more attention to rapid accumulation of enterprise innovation ability,this two different paths of technological innovation can't give consideration to both speed and height of the innovation ability. |
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