| As the driving force to promote sustainable economic development and a key factor to economic transformation,innovation has been widely valued by the government,universities and enterprises in China in recent years.The report of 18 th CPC National Congress clearly put forward the strategy of innovation-driven development and emphasized that technological innovation is the strategic support for improving social productivity and comprehensive national strength,which must be placed at the core position of the overall development of China.The 13 th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan also pointed out that China's tourism industry should adhere to the principles of development driven by innovation.Innovation can lead to transformation and upgrading of tourism,in ways to develop it from resource-based and low-level factors-based to innovation-based.Therefore,innovation will be the new catalyst for the development of China's tourism industry.Through concept innovation,product innovation,business innovation and technological innovation,new mode of China's tourism development will be built,new supplies of tourism product will be increased,new areas of tourism development will be expanded and new engines of tourism development will be created.At present,the development of China's tourism industry has entered a new stage of mass travel and self-driving tour.Tourism has a great influence on the economic and social development of the country.However,with the rapid development of tourism economy,there are some problems created,such as the extensive mode of industrial development,low level technology in tourism products,misplacement of market supply and demand and the constraints in management system.The traditional way of growth has not been able to meet the needs of modern tourism development,so we must change the mode of tourist attractions into a model of all-in-one tourism and revisit the strategy of tourism development.The promotion of the all-in-one tourism strategy and the construction of the all-in-one tourist destinations is a meaningful revolution which needs to be implemented with innovative thinking,innovative ideas,innovative actions and innovative technology.In contrast to the rapid development of the China's tourism,there is a lack of new and innovative theories to study such a development,as the content studies,methodologies and perspectives faced a certain level of constraints.Innovation in areas such as tourism products,tourism market and tourism enterprise have attracted much attention from the academics,whereas in areas such as technologies,abilities and competencies,there is still much more needed to be done.Currently,most studies are done by qualitative analysis and empirical analysis of the single-index model.As such,there is a need to conduct more studies by adopting multidimensional analysis of the innovation of tourism and gathering more information through comparative studies of the differences between regions.1.This study elaborates the content of tourism innovation by using the Citespace III,compares and analyses the characteristics and inadequacies of research of tourism innovation,in both domestic and foreign regions.2.Based on the theory of the regional innovation system,the theory of innovation motive of "three helix",the theory of regional economic disparity and stakeholder theory,this paper aims to construct a theoretical framework of Factors deconstruction-Ability evaluation-Regional difference-Development efficiency-Promotion strategy,also known as FARES.3.Using expert interviews and interpretive structure model(ISM),tourism innovation factors are deconstructed,distinguished and screened.After which,the regional tourism innovation system of hierarchical structure is reconstructed,so as to explore the relationships among the factors of regional tourism innovation.4.From the perspectives of tourism talents & knowledge,science & technology,resource & market,scenic spot & enterprise,management & mechanism,environment & performance,the study establishes a comprehensive evaluation system of regional tourism innovation ability.Thereby using the vector sum method,polygon method and polyhedral method,this paper conducts empirical analysis regional tourism innovation ability on China's thirty-one provinces.5.Based on the methods of imbalance index,dynamic change index,space gravity method and gravity coupling method,the spatial distribution and gravity transfer trajectory of regional tourism innovation abilities in China are analysed.6.Choosing the input and output factors of regional tourism innovation,the evaluation system of the development efficiency of regional tourism innovation is constructed.By taking the environmental factors and random errors into consideration,development efficiency of regional tourism innovation is studied by using the three stages of DEA efficiency model.7.Lastly,from the aspects of tourism innovation subject,tourism innovation type,tourism innovation ability and tourism innovation efficiency,the strategies of improvement in regional tourism innovation ability and development of efficiency are put forward.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.The research on tourism innovation has shown great differences between domestic studies and international studies.The international studies mainly focused on the factors of tourism,with much emphasis on knowledge innovation throughout the whole research process.However,the domestic studies of tourism innovation are more focused on the subdivision of tourism innovation and more on empirical case studies of tourism innovation comparatively.2.The element system of regional tourism innovation comprises of 3 main layers(the surface layer,middle layer and deep layer)and 8 subdivisions.The tourism talents & knowledge are the dominant factors of regional tourism innovation,while the natural ecological environment is the environment constraints and the tourism management mechanisms are the humanitarian key factors.The reform of tourism management and transformation of mechanisms are the fundamental measures to promote the development of regional tourism innovation.3.The distribution of comprehensive ability of regional tourism innovation in China is decreased from the coastal region to the inland.The ability of knowledge & talent innovation decreased from southeast to northwest.The presence of ability of science & technology innovation is high in the eastern coastal areas and along the Yangtze River regions and is low in the southwest and northwest provinces.The spatial distribution of innovation ability of resource market is more concentrated,mostly present in provinces with mid and mid-low level abilities.However,there is no significant distribution pattern in the innovation of management system.4.The efficiency of regional tourism innovation is significantly high in eastern China and low in western China.The efficiency of tourism innovation in high and high-middle levels is mainly located in the eastern provinces,while the efficiency of tourism innovation in the low level is located in the western inland regions.Also,the external environmental factors have great impact on the efficiency of regional tourism innovation,the development of social economy and the improvement of level of science and technology,which will reduce the tourism employment rate and excessive allocation of research funds.At the same time,the rise of the consumption level of the residents will not only increase the rate of tourism employment and allocation of research funds but will also increase the wastage of them.The main innovations of this paper are as follows: First,the theoretical analysis framework of regional tourism innovation with progressive and modularization has been set up,so as to realize the comprehensive and systematic study of tourism innovation.Second,the multi-dimensional and dynamic regional tourism innovation ability and the development efficiency evaluation index system are constructed.The evaluation system of tourism innovation capability comprises of 6 dimensions,24 factors and 68 subdivision indicators.The measurement model of tourism innovation efficiency also takes into account the influence of external environment and random effects.Finally,the application of multiple quantitative methods has formed an integrated measurement tool for regional tourism innovation.A variety of quantitative methods are comprehensively applied to literature review,system reconstruction,capacity evaluation and study of regional differences,which largely offset the shortcomings of previous research methods of tourism innovation.This paper can lead to further research areas in the following aspects.First,the regional tourism innovation and development efficiency index system can be further improved by using the data mining,content analysis and grounded theory so as to solve the problem of missing data.Second,the research cases can be further focused and the research areas can be further refined,in order to expand and deepen the scope and depth of the research on tourism innovation.Third,the motive source and operation mechanisms of regional tourism innovation can be further explored,so as to form a complete chain of theoretical analysis of tourism innovation. |
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