| As the saying goes 'Food is the paramount necessity of the people',grain is the material basis for human's survival and development.As horrifying lessons learned through human history,all severe famine in our history of human development have brought about a large number of death and the severe economic recessions.Thus these,all national governments pay high attention to food security issues nowadays,and taking this as a national security.As far as china is concerned,because of the limitations of the factors such as enormous population?lack of nature resources especially lack of field,the resource 'red line' problem cannot be ignored.In addition of the frequent occurrence of natural disasters,the unscientific structure of our production and management,supply-side grain structural contradictions and other factors,China have been facing serious challenges from both the quantity and the quality security,which put food security on a extremely important position.Furthermore,the importance of government assistance are based on the external attributes of public goods and the fundamental but fragile nature of grain production.As an important tool for macroeconomic regulation,fiscal policy has become a natural component of the national food security guarantee system.In the early 2000s,the Chinese government implemented a series of financial support policies to promote grain production and ensure food security.However,after more than ten years of policy practice,the existing policies gradually revealed many problems and 'the yellow box' policy,which distorted trade and production,was close to the 8.5 per cent level allowed by the WTO.Meanwhile,accompanied by the growing scale of fiscal expenditure of food funds,China's fiscal revenue growth is slowing down under the'new normal'.From 2011 to 2016,The growth rate of the general public budget revenue of the national government had been steadily reduced from 25%to 4.8%,reaching the lowest in nearly 25 years.Therefore,in the face of the grim situation of food security and Practical difficulties in financing food supplies,how to optimize the fiscal policy system to guarantee China's food security,improve the efficiency of fiscal fund use,and finally guarantee the quantity and quality of national food security becomes the fundamental problem to be solved in this paper.Based on the theories of financial security and food security,this article show a systematic description of the forms of grain security in China,and then,it views and summarizes the policy evolution process of financial guarantee of national food security.After it,the overall effect and main problems of the current policies have been carried on the qualitative research so as to the author using the double difference method(DID)and other empirical analysis methods to test the effects of typical fiscal policies which ensure food security.Finally,combining with the qualitative and quantitative research conclusion and comparative referring foreign financial policies for grain security,it puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.In addition to all the research preparations made in the introduction,the basic content of the paper is as follows:First of all,related theories of financial security for grain security are expounded in depth.This paper introduces the concept and measurement of grain,food security and financial guarantee policy,and defines the specific research scope:Grain only means wheat,rice and maize,which is in line with international standards and China's new grain security concept.As to grain security,It mainly involves the grain quantity and quality security,which is based on the original,basic and critical considerations of the production link.On this basis,The basic industrial theory of grain production,the weakness of grain industry,the cobweb model of grain market and the external attributes of public goods of grain security all provide theoretical basis for the financial guarantee of grain security.Meanwhile,specific transmission paths of specific policies,corresponding price support policies,direct subsidy policies and general service support policies all affect grain security.Second,systematically describe China's grain security situation.In general,China's grain security is in good shape but has prominent structural problems.The grain security situation in the future is still very serious.Specifically,there are three problems in quantity security.The first is the significant constraint on domestic food production,which is manifested in the weakening of the carrying capacity of resources,unbalanced natural ecological environment,and low comparative interests;Second,the risk of foreign food imports is increasing;Third,food demand,feed demand,industrial grain demand and seed demand causes rigid growth in demand for food.As regard to food safety,pollution at the source of food production link,the process of food circulation link and the end of food consumption link jointly challenge China's grain safety.Third,review and summarize the policy evolution process of financial guarantee for national grain security,and qualitatively evaluate the overall effectiveness and main problems of the current financial security policy.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's fiscal policy on grain supply has gone throughfour stages of development,which are closely related to the corresponding urban-rural development strategy and financial system.The policy of price support,direct subsidy linkage and general service support constitute the current policy framework of China's fiscal guarantee of national grain security,and have promoted the sustained growth of the plant area and output of grain,and have enhanced the comprehensive productivity of grain and also the ability of macro-control.However,through in-depth interviews and questionnaires from multiple perspectives and regions,it is found that the current financial security policy still has the following problems:First,'the grain minimum purchase price policy' distorts the market mechanism,deepens the grain structural contradictions and increases the financial burden.Second,the scope and operation of subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery are not reasonable,which is reflected in the lack of green production of agricultural machinery and tools in the catalogue of subsidies,some of which are difficult to adapt to the actual grain production in the region,the slow release of subsidy plans to reduce the policy effect,and "full price purchase and subsidies" to increase the main expenditure pressure of purchasing machinery.Third,the subsidy policy of agricultural support and protection deviates from the goal.Among them,the design of the policy of cultivated land protection subsidy is still based on the grain planting area,ignoring the protection and improvement of cultivated land quality,while the appropriate scale operation subsidy adopts the direct cash compensation method,which is easy to cause the "leakage loss"of the subsidy funds,and is not conducive to the sustainable development of the new type of grain operators.Fourth,agricultural insurance premium subsidies regional differentiation is not obvious.The scope of subsidies needs to be expanded;Fifth,lack of financial incentives for the new type of grain operators and grain processing;Sixth,the financial key general service support policy is not fully implemented.It is reflected in the lack of agricultural infrastructure construction and management and protection,insufficient grain green subsidies,and the lagging development and application of food science and technology.Seventh,the responsibility for food security in major production areas is separated from the cost,and the phenomenon of"grain and money being reversed" is obvious.The supply mechanism of subsidy funds needs to be adjusted.Fourth,to test the effect of fiscal policy on national food security,using the dual difference method(DID)and other research methods shows that:first,the minimum purchase price policy of grain has a significant positive effect on the market price of the grain in the policy implementation area and has a prop effect;second,the subsidies of purchasing agricultural machinery in major grain producing areas have dramatically positive impact on the comprehensive level of mechanical farming,sowing and harvesting,and from the perspective of the constitution,the subsidies of purchasing agricultural machinery policies have much more influence in the level of mechanical farming than that in the level of mechanical sowing,and not have significant impact on the level of mechanical harvesting.Third,investments in agricultural infrastructure have a significant positive impact on food yield,and have a significant negative impact on the average production cost of grain,which means that the agricultural infrastructure has certain effects of increasing production and decreasing costs.The forth is that the fiscal land management input has a significant negative impact on the food quality threat index,which means financial land management input helps improve food quality.Fifth,compare and draw lessons from the fiscal security policies of the United States,Japan and India on food security.The following inspirations are obtained from the analysis and comparison among evolution of the fiscal policy and the current policy of the United States,Japan and India.First is to retain price support for staple foods,but adjust gradually to reduce market distortion;second,Implement "green subsidies" to protect resources and the environment.Third,pay attention to the financial support for the new type of grain operators;Fourth,increase the supply of key general service support projects;Fifth,ensure the smooth implementation of the policy of fiscal expenditure of grain through legislation.Sixth,put forward countermeasures and Suggestions for improving China's financial security policy of food security.Based on the above qualitative and quantitative research results and the beneficial international experience,the following countermeasures and Suggestions are proposed:First,gradually promote the adjustment and transformation of price support policies.In the short term,we still insist and adjust the policy of minimum purchase price of grain,but in the long term,we should gradually transform it into the target price policy and realize "price premium separation" to reduce market distortion.Second,the policy of systematic optimization is linked to direct subsidies,including adjusting the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools,improving the subsidy policy for agricultural support and protection,improving the subsidy policy for agricultural insurance premium,deepening the implementation of subsidies for corn producers,and supporting the development of new types of grain operators.Third,strengthen the implementation of financial general service support policies.We should strengthen financial support for agricultural meteorology,irrigation and water conservancy facilities,agricultural science and technology,support green and clean production of grain by means of fertilizing subsidy for soil testing,and direct fiscal investment,improve the incentive policies for major grain-producing counties and focus on cultivating new professional farmers.Fourth,supporting and improving the supply and management system of financial support funds.Through the establishment of a subsidy fund supply mechanism that unifies the responsibility and cost of food security,multiple measures are taken to scientifically manage the financial support funds,and the legislation system of financial support to agriculture is gradually improved to release the effect of fiscal security policies and improve the efficiency of funds utilization.This article's possible innovation mainly embodies in three aspects:first,it is on the research Angle of view.In this paper,grain quality and security are included into the research scope,and the whole picture of China's grain security situation and fiscal security policy is systematically described and analyzed,so as to overcome the possible deficiencies in the previous local research from the perspective of grain supply and demand or the perspective of single fiscal policy.Second,it is in terms of research methods.Various empirical analysis methods were used to test the implementation effect of different types of fiscal expenditure policies.In the aspect of quantity security,the impact of grain minimum purchase price policy,agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy and financial agricultural infrastructure investment on grain quantity security is empirically tested.At the level of quality and safety,the grain quality and safety indicators are constructed and the grain quality and safety situation in the sample provinces are measured,and then the impact of fiscal land management investment on grain quality is empirically tested.So as to make up for the existing achievements in the relatively insufficient empirical results of the"short board".Thirdly,it is in terms of interdisciplinary.This paper realizes the interdisciplinary crossing between basic agricultural disciplines,agricultural economics and finance,especially in terms of grain quality and security,and serves the construction of grain quality and security indicators and the test of financial security policies' effect with the relevant principles of agricultural science.The deficiency of this paper lies in the influence of factors such as the availability of data and the alternation of old and new policies.The empirical chapter only selects four specific policies in three types of fiscal security policies for the representative study,and the sample size of some empirical processes is slightly less.In the future,we will try to use the micro data obtained from the questionnaire survey and combine with the new empirical analysis method to conduct thorough research on the effects of other specific fiscal expenditure policies which are not covered in this paper. |
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