Research On The Development Of Manufacturing Cluster Dominated By State-owned Enterprises In Northeast China

Under the background of the new round of revitalization of Northeast China,this paper studies the new problems and new ideas of transformation in the development of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China,with emphasis on the growth and transformation of "state-owned enterprises",which is a manufacturing cluster with northeast regional characteristics.Starting with the special environment of the development of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China,this paper focuses on the local characteristics of "state-owned enterprises leading",that is,clusters revolve around the emergence and development of core state-owned enterprises and the development of leading state-owned enterprises determine the form and development path of clusters.According to the fact that industrial cluster is essentially a kind of industrial organization,this paper introduces the relevant theories about organizational change and information structure in the theory of comparative institutional analysis,and refines the leading characteristics of state-owned enterprises in institutional economics.Furthermore,this paper constructs a growth model including the main body of state-owned enterprises,and puts forward the possible impact of the leading characteristics of state-owned enterprises on the growth and transformation of manufacturing clusters.And analyze the possible realistic mechanism by which this influence plays a role.On the basis of the theoretical model analysis hypothesis,this paper makes a qualitative analysis combined with the reality of the development of state-owned enterprise-dominated manufacturing clusters in Northeast China.Combined with the availability and representativeness of the data,this paper selects the data of Shenyang,Dalian,Harbin,Changchun,Qiqihar and Jilin six major industrial cities between 1998 and 2017 for empirical test.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:First,the leading characteristics of state-owned enterprises have a significant promoting effect on the agglomeration level of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China.First of all,the study assumes that because state-owned enterprises can obtain policy support to absorb a large number of factors such as capital and labor at the initial stage of the development of manufacturing clusters,it will play a role in promoting industrial agglomeration.However,with the development and maturity of the cluster,the diseconomies of scale of state-owned enterprises may lead to the decline of the degree of agglomeration.However,the northeast state-owned enterprises have a significant positive impact on the agglomeration level of manufacturing clusters,and the quadratic term with a negative coefficient is not significant.Combined with the events in Northeast China,we give two possible explanations: on the one hand,most of the northeast manufacturing leading state-owned enterprises have a large scale,and have many subsidiaries and upstream and downstream related enterprises,with the continuous improvement of the leading degree of state-owned enterprises.The core role of state-owned enterprises in the cluster is becoming more and more obvious,which will attract a large number of related industries and interest-related enterprises to continue to gather,so as to improve the degree of industrial agglomeration.On the other hand,there has always been a phenomenon of "strong government and weak market" in the northeast region.the government’s intervention in the market is largely accomplished by state-owned enterprises,and most government investment projects are also implemented by state-owned enterprises.This makes state-owned enterprises play a strong leading and decisive role in the local market,so many enterprises will cluster in the position where state-owned enterprises are located.The degree of agglomeration of industrial clusters is increasing.Both of these situations may prevent the impact of diseconomies of scale of state-owned enterprises.Second,the leading characteristics of state-owned enterprises play an inverted U-shaped role in promoting and then restraining the output value of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China.The theoretical analysis of the research assumes that the state-owned enterprises have a strong ability to invest in large-scale projects during the cluster development period,and have certain advantages in negotiating with the government on the land use and infrastructure construction of the cluster.Therefore,the development of state-owned enterprises will lead to the expansion of clusters in terms of output value.Subsequently,when state-owned enterprises enter the stage of diseconomies of scale,they will restrain the improvement of cluster output value by squeezing the living space of private enterprises,inefficient investment efficiency and government-enterprise collusion to breed inefficient non-market behavior.The coefficient of the first term of the relevant empirical equation is positive and the coefficient of the second term is negative,which well shows that the state-owned enterprises in Northeast China show the law of "first promoting,then restraining" to the industrial scale of manufacturing clusters,and at present,in terms of the overall situation of the manufacturing industry,has been in the suppression stage.Third,the leading characteristics of state-owned enterprises can promote the transformation and upgrading of northeast manufacturing clusters to the direction of resource conservation and environment-friendly.Based on the derivation and analysis of the theoretical model,it is considered that whether the characteristic dominated by state-owned enterprises will promote the transformation of manufacturing clusters,and whether an important influencing factor can achieve the reduction of resource consumption per unit output,that is,whether state-owned enterprises can guide manufacturing clusters to resource conservation,the environment has a good direction of development.Through the qualitative analysis of the distribution map of the correlation coefficient between the unit industrial output pollution and the number of state-owned enterprises in Northeast China,we find that there is a positive correlation between the number of state-owned enterprises and pollution,but the degree of positive correlation is weakening.Therefore,we speculate that the current northeast state-owned enterprises may be playing a positive role in promoting resource conservation and environmental friendliness,but the positive or negative of the total effect is still uncertain.Through more rigorous pollution index accounting and empirical analysis,it is found that this effect is also non-linear: when the leading degree of state-owned enterprises in manufacturing clusters in Northeast China is in a certain range,it can indeed improve the resource use efficiency of manufacturing clusters,reduce the level of environmental pollution and enhance green production capacity,but when the dominant degree of state-owned enterprises in manufacturing clusters in Northeast China continues to increase and exceeds a certain value,On the contrary,this leading feature of state-owned enterprises will restrain the further transformation and upgrading of manufacturing clusters to a certain extent.Fourth,the leading characteristics of state-owned enterprises play a significant role in promoting the innovation and development of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China,which plays a role through the two mechanisms of knowledge spillover and human capital cultivation.Through empirical research,it is found that the improvement of the leading level of state-owned enterprises will promote the technological innovation level of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China.It shows that compared with other enterprises,state-owned enterprises in Northeast China have strong strength and are more willing to invest in risky innovation projects with long income cycle and play a positive role in promoting regional innovation.In the qualitative analysis,it is found that around the innovation-intensive manufacturing center cities,the correlation coefficient between innovation and the number of state-owned enterprises tends to increase,so it is speculated that there may be state-owned enterprises in Northeast China to promote the development of manufacturing cluster innovation through knowledge spillover;similar qualitative analysis of human capital also found a similar phenomenon,but not as obvious as knowledge spillover.The empirical study tests the two mechanisms through the intermediary model,and finds that the intermediary effect variables of the two mechanisms are significant,indicating that these two mechanisms do exist,and the role of knowledge spillover mechanism is greater than that of human capital accumulation.this is consistent with the findings of the fourth chapter of qualitative analysis,and the empirical test supports the relevant conjecture of the study.Based on the research conclusions and the problems found in the development of state-owned enterprise-led manufacturing clusters in Northeast China,the study puts forward the policy implications of promoting the reform of ownership structure,strengthening the supervision and management of the sustainability of production capacity of state-owned enterprises,maintaining the control of state-owned enterprises over core technology,optimizing the management system of state-owned enterprises to enhance the attractiveness of talents and paying attention to the differences in the development objectives of different types of manufacturing clusters.The research has both theoretical marginal innovation and practical significance.In the aspect of theoretical marginal innovation,through the research on the influence of the characteristic of "state-owned enterprises leading" on the development of manufacturing clusters in Northeast China,it enriches the research on the ownership structure and the influencing factors of cluster development,as well as the market position and function of state-owned enterprises.In terms of practical significance,state-owned enterprises play an important role in the manufacturing cluster in Northeast China.Through the cluster reform with leading state-owned enterprises as a breakthrough,we can adjust the allocation of resources among industries and promote the change from traditional manufacturing to middle-and high-end manufacturing.Promoting regional industries,enterprises and scientific and technological innovation through the reform of state-owned enterprises is of great practical significance to the new round of revitalization of the Northeast and the realization of the development goal of China’s manufacturing industry.By studying the influence of state-owned enterprises on the development of manufacturing clusters,this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions of state-dominated manufacturing clusters in Northeast China,which is of great practical significance to the economic and social development of Northeast China.