Research On Technological Innovation Model And The Transformation And Upgrading Of China's Manufacturing Industry

After more than 40 years of reform and opening up,Chinese manufacturing industry has shown a weak trend in the way of investment driven development.With the rise of a new round of scientific and technological revolution,the importance of technological innovation is increasingly prominent,affecting the international division of labor pattern of manufacturing industry.In the face of opportunities and challenges,China has increased the integration of technological innovation and industrial development,striving to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry through technological innovation,so as to cope with the severe international competition situation.However,there has been a long-standing dispute between imitative innovation and independent innovation in China.Independent innovation and imitative innovation are two important ways of technological progress,which have different effects on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.In the critical period of manufacturing transformation and upgrading,how to choose the mode of technological innovation to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry more effectively is still a question that has not been clearly answered by the theoretical circle.Therefore,this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of technological innovation mode and manufacturing transformation and upgrading in theory,with the theme of technological innovation mode and manufacturing transformation and upgrading in China.Using static panel model and dynamic panel model,this paper empirically tests the impact of technological innovation mode on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry from three levels,and explores the optimal path of technological innovation for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.The work of this paper is mainly from the following aspects:Firstly,define the relevant concepts and sort out the relevant theories.First of all,it combs the understanding of technological innovation mode and manufacturing transformation and upgrading in the theoretical circles at home and abroad.On this basis,the concept of technological innovation mode and manufacturing transformation and upgrading is defined.Secondly,it combs the relevant theories of technological innovation mode and manufacturing transformation and upgrading.In the related theories of technology innovation mode,Schumpeter innovation theory,technology gap theory and late development advantage theory are introduced;in the related theories of manufacturing transformation and upgrading,industrial structure theory,wild goose shape theory and value chain theory are introduced.Secondly,it analyzes the development characteristics and problems of China's manufacturing technology innovation model.First of all,the evolution process and motivation of China's manufacturing technology innovation model are combed.It is found that China's manufacturing industry has experienced a long period of imitative innovation process,and is actively changing driven by different motives.Then,it expounds the main characteristics of China's manufacturing technology innovation mode and compares it with the industrial powers to explore the technological gap between China's manufacturing industry and the industrial powers.Based on the above analysis,this paper summarizes the outstanding problems existing in the technological innovation mode of China's manufacturing industry in the process of technological catch-up,and provides the practical basis for the later research on the choice of technological innovation mode.Thirdly,measure and analyze the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.First of all,this paper discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry under the new situation,which helps to understand and grasp the background of the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.Secondly,it combs the misunderstanding of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in the current theoretical circle,and discusses the commonly used indicators and limitations of the transformation and upgrading of the current scholars.On the basis of previous studies,this paper believes that from the perspective of industrial development subject,the fundamental purpose of transformation and upgrading is to realize the evolution of industry from low value-added to high value-added through the transformation of production and operation mode and the promotion of production efficiency.Therefore,it is more realistic to select TFP,profitability and international competitiveness to measure the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.Finally,the paper explains the measurement methods of multiple measurement indicators,and analyzes the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry from the perspective of the whole and the industry segments,and comprehensively reviews the current situation and change trend of the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.Fourthly,it analyzes the mechanism of technological innovation affecting the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in theory,and reveals the internal relationship between the two.Independent innovation and imitative innovation are two important ways of technological innovation,which affect the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry through the exertion of technology spillover effect,factor matching effect,market competition effect and collaborative innovation effect.This paper takes these four effects as the framework to discuss.Firstly,the connotation of technology spillover,factor matching,market competition and collaborative innovation is elaborated,and the mechanism of technology innovation mode influencing manufacturing transformation and upgrading is explored under different effects.It focuses on the introduction of North South technology diffusion model,two sector model,diamond Porter Model,respectively for the manufacturing transformation and upgrading of total factor productivity,profitability,international competitiveness to proceed mathematical analysis and theoretical analysis.At the same time,the collaborative relationship between independent innovation and imitative innovation is deeply explored,and the complementary advantages are realized through synergy effect,thus leading the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.Fifthly,we use econometric analysis to test the impact of technological innovation model on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.First of all,we use the static panel model to make a preliminary regression analysis on the sample data of the whole industry.Considering that there may be dynamic continuity in the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry,the dynamic panel model is further used,and two methods of system generalized moment estimation and differential generalized moment estimation are used for parameter estimation.Generalized moment estimation can solve the endogenous problem of the model and make the empirical results more reliable.On the basis of full sample analysis,in order to increase the comprehensiveness of empirical results,we expand the analysis based on time dimension and industry heterogeneity dimension.Sixthly,it puts forward the policy suggestions of technological innovation mode to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.According to the empirical results,three suggestions are put forward.One is to promote the leapfrog development of independent innovation in high-tech manufacturing industry.The competition of high-tech manufacturing industry is the competition of technology.We must change the current situation of lack of core technology through independent innovation.Second,improve the innovation power and technology level of low and medium technology manufacturing industry.At present,China's low-tech manufacturing industry still has the potential for imitative innovation,which can promote industrial transformation and upgrading together with independent innovation.Therefore,we must give full play to the guiding role of the government in the independent innovation of the low and medium technology manufacturing industry,and encourage the low and medium technology manufacturing industry to use high technology to improve the existing process.Third,improve the system and environment of technological innovation.The implementation of any strategy needs supportive supporting systems,which plays an important role.On the basis of relevant theories,this paper deeply explores the internal relationship between technological innovation mode and manufacturing transformation and upgrading,and conducts empirical research from three levels of the whole industry,stage by stage,and industry by industry.The main conclusions are as follows: there are stage differences and industry heterogeneity differences in the impact of different technological innovation modes on manufacturing transformation and upgrading.(1)From the phased empirical results,China's manufacturing industry began to invest more in independent innovation than in imitative innovation after 2011,so this paper estimates 2011 as the time node.In the two periods before and after 2011,the impact of independent innovation on TFP is negative,and the impact on profitability and international competitiveness is positive.This mismatch between R&D investment and TFP is mainly due to the lag of independent innovation in TFP.The impact of imitation innovation on TFP,profitability and international competitiveness has changed from positive to negative from 2005~2010 to 2011~2017,which shows that the positive promotion of imitation innovation is no longer obvious in recent years,even has a restraining effect on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.(2)From the empirical results of different industries,TFP is still special.Whether it is low-tech manufacturing or high-tech manufacturing,independent innovation has a negative impact on TFP,and imitation innovation has a positive impact on TFP.However,when measuring the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry by profitability and international competitiveness,for low and medium technology manufacturing industry,both imitation innovation and independent innovation have a positive impact on it,indicating that low and medium technology manufacturing industry can adopt two ways to promote transformation and upgrading: independent innovation and imitation innovation.But for the high-tech manufacturing industry,independent innovation has a positive impact on both of them,and imitative innovation has a negative impact on both of them,which shows that the high-tech manufacturing industry must change the current situation of the lack of core technology through independent innovation,and is not suitable to continue to adopt imitative innovation.Therefore,China's manufacturing industry should promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry through appropriate technological innovation mode selection in the "window of opportunity" period of technological revolution according to the characteristics of industrial technological heterogeneity.