Labor activism and the promotion of a healthier work environment: The case of ergonomics in Brazil

The main focus of this research project was the labor's role in the formulation and implementation of Ergonomic Programs developed by joint committees. Qualitative research methods and a social historic approach were applied in two Brazilian instrumental case studies in the service sector: (1) the Private Banking Industry; and (2) the Cashiers' workplace in Retail Food Stores. In both cases, unions were involved in a policymaking process for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders---MSDs through the application of ergonomic principles.;It was found that the ability of both unions and the inspectorate agency to act effectively for a more protective work environment was limited. The policies formulated were not effectively implemented.;Brazilian labor movement activism was constrained by external circumstances. There was a decrease in membership and therefore a tighter budget for union actions. Old labor achievements and workers' rights were threatened demanding an extra effort from the union to be maintained. Changes in production methods, in industry and workforce characteristics generated new union demands and forced the unions to promote fast changes in their agenda and OSH (occupational safety and health) issues were not a priority.;Failures in the union actions with OSH concerns were also found. Most of the work on this theme was dependent on personal attitudes of unionists and was reactive. Many union leaders reported that OSH organizing threatens the current union leadership power.;In addition, because MSDs primarily affected women, they did not receive support from male health professionals and male union leaders. Although the incidence of MSDs is also a product of ergonomic invisible hazards engendered by global and productive restructuring procedures at the point of production, these hazards remained unrecognized by many health professionals, union leaders and workers.;Educational programs were required to promote organizing and raising awareness around at least three major issues: (a) the right to work in a healthier work environment; (b) new ergonomic invisible hazards, and (c) gender issues. Furthermore, a successful implementation of a preventive program required worker empowerment and shared commitment between management, the state, unions, and health professionals.