| This mixed-methods study explored the relationship between pastorate and non-pastorate transformational leadership using a sample of bivocational pastors from Nigeria. Seventeen bivocational pastors participated in in-depth interviews. Forty-nine bivocational pastors and 55 church and non-pastorate job raters completed the MLQ-5X as well as a power distance instrument. Participants were highly transformational and low in power distance orientation. There was also a moderate inverse relationship between transformational leadership and power distance orientation. Pastorate transformational leadership scores were higher than non-pastorate scores, particularly in IM and IC. There was a very strong correlation between pastorate and non-pastorate IB, as well as a strong correlation between pastorate and non-pastorate IM, suggesting that participants use those leadership styles in both arenas. Bivocational pastoral leadership impacts non-pastorate leadership in the form of ethical and compassionate leadership, while non-pastorate leadership influences pastoral leadership in the form of efficient, goal-directed professional ministry. Bivocational ministry is shown to facilitate the integrated life of bivocational pastors, drive church multiplication and promote ministry engagement. |
