Modeling And General Equilibrium Analysis Of Urban Transport Mobility Considering Transit Subsidy Policy

With the development of urbanization and the increase of car ownership,the shortage of urban transportation resources and traffic congestion are becoming more and more prominent.Meanwhile,urban residents' traveling is gradually changing to convenient,fast,and economic,and the travel supply of transportation service enterprises is facing great challenges;however,the travel supply of transportation service departments under their resource constraints will also affect residents' travel choices.Traffic travel is a complex relationship that includes residents' travel,traffic service departments,and urban traffic managers.To achieve reasonable allocation and effective use of resources and alleviate urban traffic congestion,traffic managers cannot rely on investment in transportation infrastructure construction alone,but also need to develop transportation policies to guide residents' travel and improve the operations of transportation service departments.Currently,the most direct solution is a reasonable transit subsidy policy to guide urban residents to choose public transportation and improve the operation of public transportation departments.From a systematic perspective,this paper starts with the analysis of behavior patterns,revealing the behavior rules of each participant and the law of coordinated development between them in travel behavior under transit subsidy policy.The transit subsidy policy is expected to provide a scientific basis for guiding the sustainable development of urban transportation and helping each participant function well.The main studies of this paper are as follows:(1)This paper builds a bi-level programming model that considers the travel mode choice behavior of urban residents under the bus fare policy.Faced with different bus fare policies,travelers' travel psychology will change,causing uncertainty in travel choices.This paper constructs a travel choice equilibrium model that depends on reference dependence under bus fare policy and obtains travel demand.Meanwhile,this paper constructs a bi-level programming model to help urban transportation managers make decisions on the optimal bus fare policy that satisfies the travel demand and minimizes the total cost.And,the effect of the different bus fare policies on the choice of bus travel is compared using numerical examples.It is hoped that the model will provide some theoretical basis for future urban transportation managers to develop reasonable bus fare policies.(2)This paper established a computable general equilibrium model considering heterogeneous residents' commuting travel choice behavior under the transit subsidy policies.The model includes two travel modes,two types of residents,bus companies,and parking lots.Also,this paper portrays in detail the effects of the travel behavior under the transit subsidy policy on heterogeneous residents' land bidding behavior and urban regional distribution patterns.As there are constraints in the relationship between residents' travel mode choice and the supply of transportation service department,the behavior regulation of the transportation service department under the transit subsidy policy is discussed.Through the supply-demand relationship,the connections among participants in travel mode choice are built,the endogenous relationships between participants are analyzed,and then three types of urban region segmentation affected by transit subsidy policy are formed.Each participant maximizes their benefit in self decision-making,and can also achieve general equilibrium under the constraints of mutual decision-making.(3)In this paper,a computable general equilibrium model considering heterogeneous residents' non-commuting travel choice behavior under the transit subsidy policy is developed.The model contains two travel modes,two types of residents,two non-commuting travel locations,two parking lots,and one bus company.It comprehensively analyzes the endogenous relationships among travel mode choice,non-commuting travel behavior,heterogeneous resident utility,company profit,and social welfare under the transit subsidy policy.Moreover,comparative static analysis is applied to reveal the economic characteristics of travel mode choice,heterogeneous resident utility,company profit,and social welfare under the transit subsidy policy.Under the non-commuting travel demand,it can be concluded that transit subsidy policy is beneficial to increase heterogeneous resident utility.Nevertheless,it needs to meet certain conditions that corporate self-restraint and residential consumption behavior simultaneously for bus companies to benefit from transit subsidy policy.(4)This paper establishes a model for optimizing the operation benefits of bus companies and a strategy for transit subsidy.Bus companies are business and public welfare,hence the difficulty to achieve a balance of payment or provide the best social welfare merely based on their financial budgets.Therefore,government subsidies are the most direct way to maintain the operation of public transport companies,but unreasonable government subsidies increase the financial pressure on the government.Meanwhile,unreasonable financial subsidies have added a burden to the government.To balance the public transport company operation and government financial subsidy expenditure,this paper constructs an optimization model of public transport company operation benefits considering the consumer surplus of public transport travel,which takes into account both the duality of public transport companies and government financial subsidies.This paper proposes three transit subsidy strategies and compares the change regulation of operating benefits of bus companies under three different transit subsidy mechanisms.