Study On The Management Effectiveness Of Nature Reserve System Of Guangxi In The Context Of Climate Change

Nautre reserve is the key area for biodiversity conservation and critical functional area for ecological security protection.The impact of climate change on biodiversity is also driving changes in the way nature reserves are managed.The purposes underlying the development of management effectiveness evaluation was that lead to improved management in changing environments,more effectively allocate resources,and promoting nature reserve’s values.Conference Of Parties 10^th of Convention of Biological Diversity（CBD）made confirmed that include mitigation and adaptation of climate change in management effectiveness of nature reserve,solve the impact of climate change on biodiversiy by developing adaptive management and strengthening management effectiveness of nature reserve,to realize adaptive management in nature reserve in the changing environment,and maximize the effective conservation of biodiversity.The study carried out data collection and research about Guangxi’s biodiversity conservation,management effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation on climate change in Guangxi’s natuer reserves.Main research results and conclusion as below.（1）The impact of climate change on Guangxi’s biodiversity conservation.5 amphibians includes Hoplobatrachus chinensis,Bufo Melanostictus,Polypedates megacephalus Hallowell,Fejervarya multistriata and Microhyla ornata were selected to project the change trendency of suitable distribution area in Guangxi based on 19 environment variables of current and 2050 by using of Maximum Entropy（Max Ent）model,there is significant increasing for suitable distribution area of 5 amphibians in 2050 than current,average change rate of suitable distribution area of 5 amphibias account for 78.36%,average altitude of 5 species’suitable distribution area in 2050 is 7.76m higher than current;3 variables with highest contribution rate are mean temperature of warmest quarter（26%）,max temperature of warmest month（17.32%）and temperature annual range（12.08%）;the effect of temperature change on the distribution of5 amphibian species is more significant than precipitation;the Youjiang valley is the key area of migration and expansion of amphibian,these amphibians’conservation should be paid more attention,moreover,adaptation to climate change requires to be considered in larger context.On account of questionnair survey,impact of 48 former forestry nature reserves were evaluated from the point of climate change,the results show that the change of temperature,precipitation,frequency of extreme weather events are being found in all nature reserves;precipitation changes and extreme weather events have most significant impact on scope,extent and persistence in nature reserves;extreme weather events have caused huge losses to infrastructure,production and living in nature reserve and surrounding;frozen rain and snow,flood and typhoon are the 3main types of extreme weather events that damage infrastructure,affected objects are directly related to disaster types;extreme weather event have great impact on the livelihood of communities around nature reserves main include freezing rain and snow,floods,droughts and typhoons,main production activities affected include farming,breeding and fishing;management level of nature reserves at different levels varies,requirements of nature reserves with different level is significant difference in the need to cope with climate change management,national nature reserves focus on improvement of adaptive technolodgy,yet non-national nature reserves pay more attention on infrastructure.（2）Research on Guangxi’s priority area for biodiversity conservation.39 species of flora and fauna,39 priority conservation vegetation types were selected to identify Guangxi’s priority area for biodiversity conservation base on Marxan model,7 areas includes Northeast Guangxi area,Dayaoshan–Daguishan area,Northwest area,Jiuwanshan area,Southwest Guangxi area,Damingshan area and Shiwandashan area priority area for biodiversity conservation were identified,the area of priority area for biodiversity conservation（0.09 million km²）accounts for37.92%of Guangxi’s area（0.24 million km²）,all of the national nature reserves are locating in7 priority areas for biodiversity conservation;landform of priority areas for biodiversity conservation is mainly made up of Karst,and those area transition of Karst to earth mount,the vulnerability is relative high,meanwhile,there are 65 nature reserves（0.01 million km²）account for 12.43%area in the 7 priority areas for biodiversity conservation,there is pretty big gap for biodiversity conservation.With the impact of climate change,suitable distribution area of wildlife would change and break through the boundary of existing nature reserves,so it’s difficult to meet the requirement of effective biodiversity conservation depending on existing nature reserve only,the basic method of adapting to climate change is to establish nature reserve group and ecological corridor among nature reserves.（3）Mangement effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation on climate change of Guangxi’s nature reserves.Basing on the evaluation framework of World Commission on Protected Areas（WCPA）,Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool of Mitigation and Adaption on Climate Change（MEATMACC）was putted forward and used to evaluated and compare with Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool（METT）on 5 Global Environmental Facility（GEF）project nature reserves and 7 non-GEF project nature reserves as reference in Guangxi.The score of GEF project nature reserves（76.4）is obviously higher than non-GEF project（49.7）,there is significant difference between GEF project nature reserves and non-GEF project on score changed in 6 years（P=0.003）,the management effectiveness of initial time is not determining factor for end time（F=56.585,P=0）,there is significant difference between initial score（P=0.003）and end time（P=0）of METT,it means that management effectiveness could be improved with abundance capital and scientific management in shirt time（≤6 years）,the management activity of planning factor and process factor could be carried out as a matter of priority without abundance capital.The average score of METT（63）is obviously higher than MEATMACC（52.8）,there is significant difference for METT（t=2.202,df=10,P=0.052）score between national nature reserve but no for MEATMACC（t=4.747,df=10,P=0.001）,that is management effectiveness of nature reserve for mitigation and adaptation on climate is higher than routine management effectiveness,but the nature reserve with high management effectiveness should be short of management effectiveness on mitigation and adaptation of climate change.There is linear dependence between MEATMACC and METT score,also without significant difference（r=0.668,P=0.018）,there is highly significant difference between MEATMACC and METT on context（P=0）,planning（P=0）and outcomes（P=0）,high similarity between routine management and the management on mitigation and adaptation of climate change,strenthening management on context,planning and outcomes factor could enhanced nature reserve’s management effectiveness on mitigation and adaptation of climate change.