The Study On The Tian-Lv Of The Qin And Han Dynasty

The Tian-Lv(??)of the Qin and Han dynasty have been found from theunderground successively, although the content of the Tian-Lv is not complete, butshows its original appearance from different aspects. At present, the majority andcritical content of the Tian-Lv what we found is about farmland planning, distributionof farmland, agricultural taboos, agricultural management, land rent, and agriculturalfaith.In essence, Tian-Lv is decrees about agricultural. Tian-Lv is supplemented by theTian-Ling(??). The content of the Tian-Lv also constantly being revised andimproved.From the perspective of legislation, it can be seen as an additional law. Inthe process of implementation, Tian-Ling is an independent law and belong to theHulv(??)in the Jiuzhang-law(???). Although some clauses with regionalfactors, but it applys to the Qin state. The content of Tian-Lv is not only from thetradition of legalism but also influenced by the traditional farming ideas, taboos, andthe eastern six states legal system. Why Tian-Lv was disappeared? One reason is thatthe law has been revised repeatedly, and the other reason is the farmland managementinstitution has been repealed and it's function has been transferred to the otherdepartments.In the Qin and early Han Dynasty?the acreage of Mu(?)is240sq.steps. Thestructure characteristic of Mu is a piece of long land which has1step width and240steps length. it's divided into two parts and each one be called as Zhen(?). Qing(?)is consisted by one hundred Mu,the long ridge of land was called Qian(?)?the short side was called Mo(?). In the farmland boundaries, Have a line andlandmarks. This is only a general standard for forming the farmland system. Shang-Yang's land system reform broken the traditional family and kinship community,created a new social order which based on military exploit. Shang-Yang's reformcaused the fundamental transformation of whole social system of Qin.In the period of Qin and early Han dynasty?the land was owned by the king,bureaucrat and citizens. The first two is GongTian(??), the latter is MinTian(??).They have different management system. The former was managed by thespecial agencies,the latter was managed by Neish(i??), Datian(??), Dutiansefu(????), Tiansefu(???), Tianzuo(??),Tiandian(??). The labor force of GongTian from criminals, slaves and soldier. it's income has been one of theimportant source of finance.Both Tian-Lv and Rishu(??)has content about agricultural taboo. Although thespecific details vary, but they are the product of ideas of Yin-yang(??). Through thecomparison and analysis, we could find the conclusion of times and regionaldifferences lead to variances of Rishu is not so convincing.It has relations withvarious groups. From this studies, we can find the official select the text andcommitted to a unified customs traces, the ruler also devoted to combined written andunwritten rules to make it as a strong line and an effective tool to the socialdomination.The content of the Tian-Lv contains the Yueling(??), reflecting a combinationof seasonal and government decree to establish the nature-politics order. Throughadministrative control chronological order, the whole country could fully mobilizeand use limited resources. This is not only conducive to the regime of solid but alsolaid a solid foundation for Grand Unification Epoch. Of course, it is a nature oftyranny too. The seasonal content in the Tian-Lv and Yueling stem from the ancestor'sidea. In the earlier time, agricultural book and Yueling might be associated with eachother. But when they were in written, maybe they have their own transmissionspectrum, or influenced by each other.In the process of move forward to the east, influenced by the idea of “to report aheroic deed” and the concept of worship origin, on the basis of absorbed theAgricultural worship from Zhou Dynasty, Qin people created a new god-Xiannong(??).After Qin unified east six state, the worship of Xiannong was extended toevery counties of the new country and became the official worship at last. So the latergenerations think the xiannong,tianzu(??),xianse(??)all the same. In early Han,Lingxing(??)has been created and replaced of Xiannong. In Eastern Han Dynasty,because of the emperor worship the xiannong, Lingxing was gradually giving way tothe Xiannong.