| Though there are many books on the study of Lv's Spring and Autumn(Lü Shi Chun Qiu),most researchers who didn't escape from the restriction of subject itself often treat the book's author,writing time,characteristic,language,thought,and structure as starting points.Compared with those,this article takes quadruple-evidence approaches(i.e.a method using four material including historical documents,unearthed documents,living culture,handed-down and unearthed cultural relics to explain ancient history)as basic research methods.From the angle of 'mythology',it analyzes that how myth affected the compilation of book Lv's Spring and Autumn which compiled by Lü Buwei,and how to apply the concept of myth to serve the domination of kingship.The first chapter which is preface based on the research condition,introduces research topic,purpose and meaning of this paper.The second chapter is a theoretical overview of mythistory,which is divided into three parts roughly.The first part suggests that historical research has two basic levels which are 'things' and 'matters' and historical existence has four display forms.Archaeology stresses the narrative function of 'things' themselves,while traditional history focuses on the arrangement of 'matters'.History have four display forms,i.e.history which objectively existed in the past,history in the historical documents,history in historians' head,and history in the book which researched by historians.Among them,history in historians' head has completed the change from objective documents to the book which researched by historians.On the basis of three stages(i.e.approving antiquity,doubting antiquity and interpreting antiquity)about the development of Chinese traditional textology presented by Feng Youlan,the second part collects several evidential methods of interpreting antiquity,and thinks that quadruple-evidence approaches use evidence to construct relationship between 'truth' and 'incident',i.e.identity and similarity.The third part mainly discusses the difference and contact between myth and history.Considering myth and history are often intertwined at an early stage,it's difficult to distinguish each other at the same time,so we call them 'mythistory'.The mythistory is still a kind of epistemology,rather than methodology.The third chapter is the text interpretation about Lv's Spring and Autumn.It mainly includes eight sections as follows.The first part discusses the main features of the Spring and Autumn Annals(Chun Qiu),and talks about the underlying reason why the book is named the Spring and Autumn Annals.Then borrowing the theory of four elements about literature which is presented by M.H.Abramsin the Mirror and Lamp,I believe that the primary reader of Lv's Spring and Autumn potentially is the Emperor Qin Shihuang,while Lv's Spring and Autumn is such a book about imperial political trickery.The second part analyzes the structure of Lv's Spring and Autumn,thinking that the three sections of Lv's Spring and Autumn which were twelve annuals,eight exhibitions and six discussions are correspond with heaven,people and land.The third part thinks that the aim that arranged five elements(metal,wood,water,fire and earth)into twelve annuals is to highlight the dominating status of central regime.The fourth part thinks that the arrangement of twelve annuals by time order i.e.spring,summer,autumn,winter which just want to imitate the growing process of grain.This concept also impacts peoples' activities,so their behavior often exhibit seasonal variations similarity with plant growth cycle.The fifth part believe the phenomenon that emperors' tomb imitate theirs capital and the capital imitate the building in heaven are trying to establish link between themselves and God because it can enhance rule legitimacy.Through the investigation to three different imperial lineages represented from Lv's Spring and Autumn,the sixth part believes that this homologous imperial lineage provides a wide range of psychological identity foundation to the unification of Empire Qin.In seventh part,I compared the book Lv's Spring and Autumn with Rishu on Qin bamboo slips then draw the conclusion that the book Lv's Spring and Autumn which were severed to royalty pays close attention to the grand question on political aspect,while Risu is interest in daily life.The last part considers that the accomplishment of Lv's Spring and Autumn is affected by mythical thinking which embodies two aspects: the imitation of astrology and phenology.However,Lv's Spring and Autumn's mythical thinking has the tendency of following the law of heaven and earth which is different from the self-centered mythical thinking in early times.Starting with the details of the text of Lv's Spring and Autumn,the fourth chapter discusses how Qin imperial kinsmen deify things.It is divided into two sections.The first part I will investigate the underlying reason why Qin imperial kinsmen adore jades such as jade disc(Bi),jade seal.Of course,that is because jades represent heaven and god,and mastering the divine kaiserdom.The second part mainly discusses how 'Kunlun jades' were transported to the capital of the Qin Dynasty and research the hidden cultural information behind their behavior.That is,before Qin Shihuang unified China by force,the perception of jade belief went through those channels unified China at first.The fifth chapter mainly focuses on how Qin Shihuang completes deification by self and society.It includes two sections as follows.Part I explores why the emperor is called 'son of heaven',and why Qin Shihuang abandons the worship of ancestral 'black' bird(xuan niao)and then calls himself 'archosaur(zulong)'.According to the doctrine of five-virtue circulation,the water virtue of the Qin Dynasty takes the place of the fire virtue of the Zhou Dynasty.While the auspicious fetish associated with water is the Loong,so Qin Shihuang liked known as archosaur.Part II compared the 'temple' with 'ancestral hall' thus investigate potential motivation from history to mythical history.This part treats the belief and history about Fu Su existed in Shanxi and Shaanxi province as the field spot,and think that the deification of historical figures has some potential purpose in folk society,i.e.advocating the thought of loyalty and fealty and then serving the kingship.The paper's innovative point is based on quadruple-evidence approaches(i.e.historical documents,unearthed documents,living culture,handed-down and unearthed cultural relics),aiming at explaining Lv's Spring and Autumn systematically by those four materials.In order to explain the book Lv's Spring and Autumn more clearly,this paper also researches relative belief and behavior thus it can provides more extensive background information to the book. |
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