Research On Sun Qifeng's Thought Of Real Learning

Sun Qifeng(1584-1675),who was also known by his literary names Qitai and Zhongyuan,was born in Rongcheng County,Baoding City,Zhili(now Hebei)Province.Because he taught in Xiafeng Village,Hui County in his later years,he was often called Mr.Xia Feng.He was a famous thinker and educator in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.He was recruited as an official in the Ming and Qing dynasties for many times,but refused or resigned,and he was also known as Mr.Zhengjun.He devoted himself to learning and writing,producing many works.He practiced all his life and gave lectures in class.He advocated "practical learning","pragmatism" and"practice".Many scholars from the North to the South were influenced by him,and he was regarded as the master of the northern studies and academic master.M r.Sun Qifeng plays an important role in academic history.He is the integrator of Cheng-Zhu's "Neo-Confucianism" and Lu-Wang's "Theory of Heart",and he is also an important initiator of the "pratical learning" trend in the Qing Dynasty.The modern thinker Liang Qichao gave a high appraisal on him in the Academic History of China's Nearly Three Hundred Years,saying that "Mr.Xia Feng is a man of great guts,backbone,and talent",and he is called the center of Northern studies.At that time,they were called the "Three Confucianists in the Early Qing Dynasty" together with Li Yong in Guanzhong and Huang Zongxi in East Zhejiang.Sun Qifeng's disciple Tang Bin commented that his teacher Sun Qifeng's study "takes care and independence as the sect,recognizes the principles of nature as the key,and regards daily ethics as the reality".Considering the whole life of Mr.Sun Qifeng,his disciple Shen Hanguang praised him as "beginning as a hero and ending as a sage".In response to the shortcomings of the Neo-Confucianism and Theory of Heart in the late Ming Dynasty,Sun Qifeng analysed the "dissection" of the "flourishing of words" of Cheng-Zhu's post-Confucianism,and Lu-Wang's excessive pursuit of "inner mind" which fell into "empty and void".In the analysis,they found their own footholds and shared common ground regardless of their own opinions,and pointed out that the so-called drawbacks were extreme actions at the end of the post-learning stubbornness.The two were originally a natural integration of"knowledge and action".Sun Qifeng started from the roots of learning,traced the roots,combined with the current learning,and put the word "Shi(practical)" as the core.This not only inherited the Confucian thoughts in the Song and Ming dynasties,but also opened and developed the "Shi(practical)"social thoughts in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and found a pratical way to "learn for application",so that dissidents and disputes ceased.Sun Qifeng's thoughts not only include the truth of the "li" of the Confucian scholars of Cheng and Zhu,that is,the "li" is not only the "roots" of all things in the universe,but also the actual truth that resides in all things.It also advocate the truth of the "heart".On the one hand,Sun Qifeng emphasized the practical theory of moral cultivation of the "Mind and Nature" in the Neo-Confucianism system,which corresponds to the "practice for application" and"learning for application" advocated by him.He also pointed that the essence of "li""getting to the reasoning behind thigns"--is exactly the contrast for learning and practicing.In the same way,regarding the "to the conscience" advocated by the Theory of Heart,he believes that "to" emphasizes the measures that extend to foreign objects,which has intersection with the "ge(getting to know)" in the Neo-Confucianism.According to Sun Qifeng,Neo-Confucianism gradually declined at the end of the Ming Dynasty.It was not the result of Neo-Confucianism itself but the extremes of the end-study.In order to change this situation,he took "practical" as the main line and incorporated Neo-Confucianism and the Theory of Heart into Confucianism.Under the general background,the disagreements arising from different propositions of various schools are resolved under a large logical premise.Respect for virtue and Taoism are just different learning paths.In fact,they are the same thing,giving each school the same meaning.Sun Qifeng also incorporated Neo-Confucianism and the Theory of Heart into Confucianism to study,no longer making fruitless controversies,and further found a reasonable path for the development of the two theories,and at the same time established his own practical thinking.The current academic research on Sun Qifeng's thoughts basically remains on the study of his Neo-Confucianism.By analyzing the context and issues of Sun Qifeng's thoughts,this article finds that Sun Qifeng's Neo-Confucianism is mostly based on methodology,and its own theoretical system and ideological characteristics obviously fit the practical science category,and run through the development of Sun's thoughts,and it is more prominent by referring to the Confucian principle of"internal sage and external king".In this paper,the author makes an active attempt to make an overall study of Sun Qifeng's ideological form of practical learning with the title of "Research on Sun Qifeng's Ideological form of practical learning".The first chapter introduces the concept,development stage and main characteristics of practical learning,and then analyzes the formation mechanism of Sun Qifeng's practical learning thoughts by analyzing his historical background,personal experience,Thoughts of Saint Confucianism,teachers and friends,disciples and other factors.The second chapter and the third chapter are the main body of the article,which deduces Sun Qifeng's practical thought from the ontological system and the practical theory system respectively.The fourth chapter summarizes the characteristics of Sun Qifeng's practical thinking.The last chapter restates the historical position of Sun Qifeng himself and his practical thought,and excavates the contemporary value of Sun Qifeng's practical thought.