The Modern Transformation Of Chinese Traditional Sports Values

Since the Opium War,the Western powers defeated the Qing Dynasty through military confrontation,and the Chinese civilization was facing unprecedented challenges.How to make the Chinese nation stand in the forest of nations in the world has become a fundamental issue that modern Chinese people have been exploring.In the process of fierce collision between Chinese and Western civilizations and seeking national salvation plans,sports,as a sub part of social culture,has also launched its own transformation road.Although "Sports",as a professional category,was introduced into China only after the spread of Western learning to the East in modern times,in terms of the original connotation of understanding,using and exercising the body,Chinese tradition is not only rich in many sports,but also has formed unique sports values.Firstly,in terms of the generation background of Chinese traditional sports and its values,it mainly involves three plates: agricultural economy,imperial power politics and cultural ideology.On the one hand,compared with nomadic and commercial civilization,sports activities under the background of agricultural civilization are relatively deficient in the possibility and necessity of occurrence and development;On the other hand,in the various sports activities that have appeared,their reasons and laws,especially the positioning of values,are often obviously affected by the characteristics of valuing time and worshiping heaven and earth in agricultural culture.Both,the construction of traditional state power will adopt two different attitudes towards the occurrence and development of sports due to the needs of the times and different policies: when the world is in troubled times,the major political forces will inevitably encourage the development of sports in order to strengthen their combat effectiveness;When the world is at peace,in order to maintain the stability of its rule,the regime will inhibit the development of anything that may strengthen the opposition,including sports.The relatively independent cultural ideology,which is different from farming and imperial power,also has an important influence on the formation and development of traditional sports and its values.Its typical performance is to bring sports into the pursuit of Avenue and personality cultivation,and treat sports in a simple sense as a "path",or even lose ambition.Secondly,to comb the traditional sports values,we not only need to analyze its generation and development background from the horizontal economic,political and cultural levels,but also need to review its historical changes from the vertical sports categories and their evolution.On the one hand,talking about the values without understanding the specific manifestations of traditional sports is equivalent to a source of water and a tree without roots,which is easy to become empty;On the other hand,the sports we are familiar with today are the product of modern cultural context,which is quite different from traditional Chinese sports activities;On the other hand,by combing the types of traditional sports and the development history of specific projects,we can see the social function and humanistic care more clearly.Therefore,by combing the five types of art sports,competitive sports,Wushu,health preservation and folk sports and their respective representative projects,this paper further reveals the historical motivation for the generation and development of Chinese traditional sports,as well as their migration or expansion at the functional level.Finally,focusing on the traditional sports values themselves,their shaping and demonstration mainly focus on the following two dimensions:one is the process of practice or communication,and the other is the guidance of goal or purport.In terms of development,the values at the practice and communication level are mainly divided into three parts:paying attention to fame and inferiority,paying attention to character and secret biography,and emphasizing following nature;The values at the level of goal and purport include strengthening the body and pursuing longevity,ignoring victory and defeat and paying attention to self-cultivation,surpassing the individual and emphasizing justice,surpassing self-interest and "being the same as the road".Among them,the values of "the same as the avenue" shown by traditional sports can be further divided into four sub parts: the avenue of accessible skills,the avenue of docking for politics,the avenue of continuing life and the avenue of life and death.Under the impact of modern western sports culture,Chinese traditional sports and its value system have been gradually broken,and the corresponding transformation process has been started.On the whole,the modern transformation of traditional sports and its values is mainly carried out around the national salvation and survival of the country and nation,which is mainly reflected in the continuous innovation in the four dimensions of politicization,militarization,westernization and scientization.In terms of development,the national salvation plan and the process of "four modernizations" followed by the modern transformation of traditional sports and their values are not achieved overnight,but constantly adjusted with the changes of the situation at home and abroad and the advantages and disadvantages of the transformation results.The specific process includes:(1)"military exercise and physical education" intended to strengthen the army;(2)Eager for strong military and national sports;(3)"Pragmatism" sports emphasizing actual effect;(4)"Naturalistic" sports emphasizing interest;(5)Exercise the "red sports" of workers and peasants.In the process of transformation,Chinese traditional sports are also undergoing self transformation,and there is an ideological trend of "national quintessence sports" advocating returning to tradition.In the specific process of the above transformation,in fact,it contains the debate and confrontation of a variety of sports values:(1)the competition of values between sports militarization and sports liberalization;(2)The values of the theory of saving the country by sports and the theory of sports health compete;(3)The competition between "local sports" and "foreign sports";(4)The values of competitive sports and mass sports.Through a century of transformation,Chinese traditional sports and its values have not only helped the country and the nation save the nation from subjugation and survival,but also achieved the goals of popularization and popularization of sports to a certain extent.Sports has gradually become a part of Chinese people’s daily life.However,due to the limitations of war,national salvation and other era conditions,this transformation process finally failed to achieve the ideal results.The unsuccessful modernization of traditional sports and its values not only led to the continuous decline of Chinese traditional sports,but also failed to effectively inherit many excellent genes in traditional sports values.These "unfinished businesses" undoubtedly need contemporary sports researchers and traditional culture researchers to continue to explore and complete.